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61.
Organ blood flow is controlled, in part, by changes in diameter of resistance vessels. In thick tissue, vessels can be imaged with a microscope using contrast-enhancing methods (e.g., fluorescence) and image analysis techniques can be used for quantitative diameter estimations. However, a change in the position of a vessel with respect to the plane of focus can be misinterpreted as a diameter change. In order to address this problem, a 3D image in a light microscope is obtained by serial optical sectioning, and a 3D deconvolution procedure (Avinash et al., 1991, "Fourteenth Association for Research in Otolaryngology Midwinter Meeting, St. Petersberg, FL," Abstract 156) is used to deblur 3D image data. Deblurred sections are computationally projected onto a 2D plane to give an extended-focus image, from which diameter estimates of microvessels are made using a quantitative, 2D diameter-tracking algorithm (Miles, 1987, "Semiautomatic Quantitative Image Analysis of Dynamic in Vivo Cochlear Microvessel Diameters." Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Michigan; Miles and Nuttall, 1992, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.). Justification for 3D preprocessing before diameter analysis is provided by absolute and relative error analyses using computer-generated synthetic vessels. The 3D diameter analysis technique is validated using a capillary tube of known diameter, filled with fluorescent solution. Demonstration of its applicability is shown in diameter measurements from the vessels of guinea pig cochlea. Our approach, using extended-focus images, minimizes overestimation of microvascular diameters and underestimation of relative diameter changes. Therefore, unambiguous diameter measurements are possible with extended-focus images. 相似文献
62.
Human observers were required to discriminate the direction of motion of vertically moving, 1 c/deg luminance and colour gratings. The gratings had different contrasts and moved at temporal frequencies between 0.5 and 32 Hz. Sensitivity [the reciprocal of the contrast at which performance reached 75% correct in a temporal two-alternative forced-choice (2 AFC) discrimination task] was a band-pass function of temporal frequency for luminance gratings, and a low-pass function of temporal frequency for colour gratings. Further, when colour contrast was expressed in terms of the modulation in cone excitation produced by the stimulus, sensitivity to colour gratings was greater than sensitivity to luminance gratings at frequencies below 2 Hz. On the other hand, at temporal frequencies above 4 Hz, sensitivity to colour gratings was comparable with sensitivity to luminance gratings of double the temporal frequency. Detection sensitivity was measured for luminance and colour gratings of 1, 4 and 16 Hz. With either colour or luminance gratings, detection thresholds were very similar to those for direction-of-motion discrimination. This result confirms findings of Mullen and Boulton [(1992) Vision Research, 32, 483-488] and Cavanagh and Anstis [(1991) Vision Research, 31, 2109-2148], but is different from that reported by Lindsey and Teller [(1990) Vision Research, 30, 1751-1761] who used a smaller stimulus seen in a parafoveal region and found that motion discrimination thresholds were higher than detection threshold for colour gratings. We repeated our threshold measurements using parafoveal viewing conditions similar to those used by Lindsey and Teller (1990). We found that, although for luminance gratings detection thresholds were very close to direction-discrimination thresholds, for colour gratings, they were lower. The result is in qualitative agreement with Lindsey and Teller (1990). Our results suggest that low-level, or "first-order" motion mechanisms are not as sensitive to chromatic gratings as are colour-detection mechanisms. 相似文献
63.
J. Meier P. Egelhof C. Fischer A. Himmler G. Kirchner A. v. Kienlin G. Kraus W. Henning K. W. Shepard 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1993,93(3-4):231-238
Status and results of a research project are reported, which aims at developing calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ions. The special conditions for the detection of energetic heavy ions are discussed. The response of an aluminium transition edge calorimeter, operated at about1.5K, to the impact of heavy ions was investigated. The observed energy resolutions E/E=3.9×10–3for5.9MeV/u
208
Pb-ions, E/E=1.6×10–3for4.8MeV/u
58
Ni-ions and E/E=4.3×10–3for100MeV/u
20
Ne-ions are most probably not yet limited by the intrinsic detector resolution. The present results already represent an improvement over conventional solid state detectors and ionization chambers. 相似文献
64.
Werner Henning und Karl Herrmann 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1980,171(2):111-118
Zusammenfassung Blätter wie Früchte von 6 SortenPrunus domestica-Pflaumen enthalten hauptsächlich 3-Rutinoside, in geringerer Konzentration 3-Glucoside und 3-Galaktoside von Kämpferol und Quercetin Bowie Quercetin-3-rhamnosid. Dagegen weisen Pflaumen vonPrunus salicina (2 untersuchte Sorten) Kämpferol-3,7-bisrhamnosid und Kämpferol-3-arabinosyl-7-rhamnosid als Hauptflavonole auf. Hierdurch ist eine Unterscheidung beider Arten leicht and sicher mög-lich. Weiterhin konnten inSalicina-Pflaumen Kämpfe-rol-3-rutinosid sowie Quercetin-3-rhamnosid, -xylosid,-glucosid, -galaktosid, --l-arabinofuranosid and -rutinosid, auch Quercetin-7-rhamnosid and Kämpferol-7-glucosid nachgewiesen werden.Die Gesamtgehalte an Flavonolglykosiden lagen bei den untersuchten Pflaumensorten vonPrunus domestica (P. salicina) bei 2500–3340 (7170, 10350) ppm in Blättern and 20–52 (8, 24) in Früchten, jeweils bezogen auf Frischgewicht.
11. Mitt.: Henning W, Herrmann K (1980) Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 170:433–444
Auszug aus der Promotionsarbeit von W. Henning: Bestimmung der in Pflaumen, Kirschen, Pfirsichen and Aprikosen vorkommenden Flavonolglykoside unter Anwendung der Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie. Diss. Univ. Hannover 1980 相似文献
Flavonol glycosides of plums of the species Prunus domestica L. and Prunus salicina lindley12. Phenolics of fruits
Summary Leaves and fruits from 6 cultivars ofPrunus domestica plums contain mainly 3-rutinosides; in smaller concentrations the 3-glycosides and 3-galactosides of kaempferol and quercetin as well as quercetin-3-rhamnoside are present. On the other hand, in plums ofPrunus salicina (2 examined cultivars) main flavonols are kaempferol-3,7-bisrhamnoside and kaempferol-3arabinosyl-7-rhamnoside. Due to the difference in composition, differentiation of these species will be easy and reliable. Additionally kaempferol-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3-rhamnoside, -xyloside,-glucoside, -galactoside, --l-arabinofuranoside and-rutinoside, and also quercetin-7-rhamnoside and kaempferol-7-glucoside could be detected inP. salicina plums. The total content of flavonol glycosides in the investigated plums ofPrunus domestica (P. salicina) were based on fresh weight about 2500–3340 (7170, 10350) ppm in the leaves and 20–52 (8, 24) ppm in the fruits.
11. Mitt.: Henning W, Herrmann K (1980) Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 170:433–444
Auszug aus der Promotionsarbeit von W. Henning: Bestimmung der in Pflaumen, Kirschen, Pfirsichen and Aprikosen vorkommenden Flavonolglykoside unter Anwendung der Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie. Diss. Univ. Hannover 1980 相似文献
65.
As part of the ERDA Division of Magnetic Fusion Energy effort to achieve fusion power by the end of the century, superconducting magnet programs were established at several of the national laboratories with the support of numerous industries. Recently, these program goals have been reviewed and modified to reflect new directions in fusion research. The development of superconducting toroidal field coils has been assigned first priority for the Experimental Power Reactor. This effort, centered at ORNL, will have the extensive support of industry, so that large construction capability can be encouraged. Ohmic heating coils for tokamaks promise to be an even more difficult task, and an expanded effort will be initiated as funds become available. Magnets for mirror confinement systems should have the highest fields practical. Accordingly, LLL has been funded to develop multifilamentary niobium-tin for future might experiments. If successful, the material might complement the recent trend toward higher field tokamaks as well. Energy Storage development at LASL is concentrating on inductive storage for 1 msec discharge and a superconducting homopolar generator for 30 msec to 1 sec discharge times. The stainless steel structure is a major cost element of any magnet system. However, recent calculations have shown that a magnetic coil form affects the toroidal field ripple in the EPR by only a few parts in a thousand. Thus, an opportunity exists to characterize and develop less expensive alloys for low temperature magnet structures. 相似文献
66.
Fujio Takahashi Ernst -H. Reimerdes Henning Klostermeyer 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1977,164(3):163-166
Summary In casein-containing agarose gels, pepsin and chymosin form radial diffusion zones; the diameters of these zones show rectilinear correlations with the logarithm of the enzyme concentration at constant time. The sensitivity for both enzymes is below 1 g. Addition of the inhibitor pepstatin A to these enzymes causes a reduction of the diameters of the diffusion zones, with large differences for both the enzymes. With this procedure, the pepsin/chymosin ratio in rennet preparations was assayed with an accuracy of ±5%. Identification of the inhibitors allows the determination of amounts in the namomole range. This method is a simple technique for the evaluation of proteinases and their inhibitors in screening systems.
Geldiffusion — eine einfache und empfindliche Technik für den Nachweis von Proteinaseinhibitoren und die Anwendung für die Bestimmung von Proteinasen in Gemischen
Zusammenfassung In caseinhaltigen Agarosegelen erzeugen sowohl Pepsin wie Chymosin radiale Diffusionszonen, deren Durchmesser bei gegebener Zeit dem Logarithmus der Enzymmenge proportional ist. Die Bestimmungsgrenze liegt für beide Enzyme unter 1 g. Bei Zugabe des Inhibitors Pepstatin A zu den Proteinasepräparaten werden die Diffusionszonen beider Proteinasen verkleinert, aber in unterschiedlichem Ausmaße. Auf dieser Basis kann in technischen Labpräparaten das Mengenverhältnis Pepsin/Chymosin mit einer Genauigkeit von ±5% bestimmt werden. Bei Umkehr der Reaktion zum Nachweis des Inhibitors sind Mengen im Bereich von 10–9 Mol sicher erfaßbar. Die Methodik ist verallgemeinerungsfähig als Screening-Test für Proteinaseinhibitoren.相似文献
67.
Between 1945 and 1970, 101 children (86 girls and 15 boys) with systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic. Only 9 children were less than 9 years old at the time of diagnosis. The most frequent presenting complaint was arthralgia; fever, fatigue, and a "butterfly" malar rash also were common. Renal involvement, found in more than 76 per cent of patients, was a prognostically poor sign. The overall survival of children with renal involvement is improved by the use of adequate steroid therapy. 相似文献
68.
Hans-Arist Mehrens Henning Klostermeyer und Ernst H. Reimerdes 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1983,176(2):102-107
Zusammenfassung Die Fraktionierung von Molkenproteinkonzentrat mit Aceton wurde untersucht. Der pH-Wert und die Lösungsmittelkonzentration, bei der die Fällungen durchgeführt wurden, hatten den größ-ten Einfluß auf die Zusammensetzung von Präcipitaten und Überständen. Im Bereich von 25–33% Aceton (v/v) war eine begrenzte Fraktionierung der Molkenproteine möglich:-Lactalbumin und-Lactoglobulin wurden ausgefällt, während Blutserumalbumin in Lösung blieb. Der pH-Wert (Bereich 4,5–7,0) beeinflulßte neben den Proteinfraktionen auch andere Bestandteile des Molkenkonzentrats. Mit steigendem pH-Wert verringerte sich die Gesamt-N-Ausbeute im Präcipitat und der Gehalt an Calcium nahm zu, gleichzeitig verminderte sich die Resolubilisationsfähigkeit der ausgefällten Niederschläge.
Auszug aus der Dissertation H. A. Mehrens, TU München, 1980Sonderdruckanfragen an: Prof. Dr. H. Klostermeyer (Adresse siehe oben) 相似文献
Isolation and functional properties of whey protein fractions
Summary The fractionation of whey protein concentrate by acetone was investigated. The composition of precipitates and supernates was strongly influenced by pH and acetone concentration during precipitation. A limited fractionation of the whey proteins occurred in the range of 25–33% acetone (v/v):-lactalbumins and-lactoglobulins were precipitated while blood serum albumins remained in solution. The pH value (range 4,5-7,0) influenced also other components of the whey concentrate beside the protein fractions. With increasing pH value the yield of total N in the precipitate decreased whereas the calcium content rose, this was accompanied by a decreased capability to redissolve the precipitates.
Auszug aus der Dissertation H. A. Mehrens, TU München, 1980Sonderdruckanfragen an: Prof. Dr. H. Klostermeyer (Adresse siehe oben) 相似文献
69.
In this paper we study the prevalent problem of graph partitioning by analyzing the diffusion-based partitioning heuristic Bubble-FOS/C, a key component of a practical successful graph partitioner?(Meyerhenke et al. in J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 69(9):750?C761, 2009). We begin by studying the disturbed diffusion scheme FOS/C, which computes the similarity measure used in Bubble-FOS/C and is therefore the most crucial component. By relating FOS/C to random walks, we obtain precise characterizations of the behavior of FOS/C on tori and hypercubes. Besides leading to new knowledge on FOS/C (and therefore also on Bubble-FOS/C), these characterizations have been recently used for the analysis of load balancing algorithms?(Berenbrink et al. in Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 429?C439, 2011). We then regard Bubble-FOS/C, which has been shown in previous experiments to produce solutions with good partition shapes and other favorable properties. In this paper we prove that it computes a relaxed solution to an edge cut minimizing binary quadratic program (BQP). This result provides the first substantial theoretical insight why Bubble-FOS/C yields good experimental results in terms of graph partitioning metrics. Moreover, we show that in bisections computed by Bubble-FOS/C, at least one of the two parts is connected. Using the aforementioned relation between FOS/C and random walks, we prove that in vertex-transitive graphs both parts must be connected components. 相似文献
70.
Fair Exchange 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6