The function of the illusions of control and freedom.

A review of the research conducted with animals and humans indicates that the sense of control over impending reinforcements serves to mitigate the aversive consequences of negative reinforcements. Symptoms varying from distractibility to ulcers, and even sudden death have been associated with a loss of perceived control. It is concluded that the surrender of one's sense of control, even to benevolent authorities, may prove to be an ill choice for man as well as other species. (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Struktur und eigenschaften verschieden hergestellter hochdruckpolyäthylene

Low density polyethylenes (LDPE) synthesized under variable polymerization conditions, e.g. in a tube reactor (type R), have molecular structures considerably different from those of LDPE-samples with similar melt indices and densities which were polymerized under constant conditions, e.g. in a stirred autoclave reactor (type A). Thus, R-type products have narrower molecular weight distributions and wider distributions of short- and long-chain branching than A-type samples and show decreasing branching with increasing molecular weight. Moreover, there are differences in the structure of long-chain branching and in the molecular shape between R- and A-products. The results of measurements may be interpreted assuming that the A-type molecules have tree-like branched structures and approximately globular shapes whereas R-type molecules show comb-like branching and elongated rod-like shapes. The differences in the molecular structure lead to different supramolecular structures - e.g. narrower distributions of densities in spite of wider short-chain branching distributions with R products as compared with A-products-and to different physical and technological properties of the two LDPE-types synthesized in different ways. The results may be interpreted in terms of reaction kinetics. By a new modified autoclave process the molecular structures and the physical and technological properties of low density polyethylenes may be varied within wide limits.     

Dogmatism and the congruence between self-reported job preference and performance among school supervisors.

Administered the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale and an instrument requiring the ranking of 10 supervision tasks according to ideal and actual priorities to 174 instructional supervisors. Closed-minded individuals had a significantly lower correspondence of ideal and actual task rankings than did their medium- or low-dogmatic counterparts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tables for Determining Expected Cost Per Unit under MIL-STD-105D Single Sampling Schemes

When a MIL-STD-105D sampling scheme is used for a long period, some lots will be subjected to normal, some to reduced, and some to tightened inspection. This paper provides for several single sampling plans and various quality levels, the expected fraction of lots rejected, the expected sample size per lot, and the expected number of lots to be processed before sampling inspection must be discontinued. Equations are given to calculate the long term cost of sampling inspection using these expected values and appropriate cost parameters.     

Metallurgische Veränderungen unter der Stahloberfläche unlegierter Stähle bei der Verzunderung

Glühen eines unlegierten Stahles oberhalb von 900°C in Sauerstoff. Metallographische Untersuchungen des Zunders und des Stahles sowie metallischer oder nichtmetallischer Ausscheidungen. Verteilung der Legierungselemente nach dem oxydierenden Glühen auf Zunder und Stahl. Elektronenstrahlmikrosondenuntersuchungen von metallischen und nichtmetallischen Ausscheidungen. Schmelzversuche synthetischer Schlacken im Eisentiegel. Folgerungen für die betriebliche Warmverformung.     

An Overview of Neural OCR Networks

Because neural networks specialize in handling ambiguous data, they are especially suited for such applications as speech recognition and optical character recognition (OCR). OCR applications are usually ambiguous because their data is generated by an inconsistent factor—the individual. This article provides an overview of neural networks and describes how this technology can be integrated with OCR technology to create neural OCR networks that can significantly improve the process of optical character recognition.     

The uses of mathematics in the social sciences

Applications of mathematics to the social and behavioral sciences have burgeoned since the Second World War. Classical techniques of analysis have found wide application, particularly in economics; and in recent years applications of combinatorial mathematics have become increasingly common. Methods of analysis that depend upon only ordinal properties of the variables are particularly useful in the social sciences outside economics.Over the past twenty years, the techniques of computer simulation have been developed to complement classical mathematics. Many theories in contemporary cognitive psychology are expressed in the form of computer programs, and are tested by comparing the behavior of the programs with the behavior of human subjects in identical task environments.