Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by activated carbon coated with quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)

A composite sorbent (GAC-QPVP) was prepared by coating poly(4-vinylpyridine) onto a granular activated carbon, followed by cross-linking and quaternization processes. The sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charge measurement, and BET analysis. Batch experiments with variable pH, ionic strength, and concentrations of Cr(VI), sorbent, and competing anions were conducted to evaluate the selective sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Cr(VI) sorption rates could be described by a reversible second-order kinetics, and equilibrium uptake of Cr(VI) increased with decreasing pH, decreasing ionic strength, and increasing sorbent concentration. The estimated maximum equilibrium uptake of chromium was 53.7 mg/g at pH = 2.25, 30.7 mg/g at pH = 3.65, and 18.9 mg/g at pH = 6.03, much higher than the maximum capacity of PVP-coated silica gel, an adsorbent for Cr examined previously. When compared with the untreated granular activated carbon, sorption onto GAC-QPVP resulted in much less Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent release of Cr(III). The effect of phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate was minor on the selective sorption of Cr(VI). An ion exchange model that was linked with aqueous speciation chemistry described Cr(VI) sorption reasonably well as a function of pH, ionic strength, and Cr(VI) concentration. Model simulations suggested that sorbed Cr(VI) was partially reduced to Cr(III) on the sorbent when pH was less than 4. The presence of Cr(III) on the sorbent was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. Overall, the study has demonstrated that GAC-QPVP can effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under a wide range of experimental conditions, without significant Cr(III) release associated with the virgin GAC treatment.     

Comparison of the crystalline properties and structural changes of starches from high-amylose transgenic rice and its wild type during heating

A transgenic rice line (TRS) enriched amylose and resistant starch has been developed by antisense RNA inhibition of starch branching enzymes. In this study, gelatinisation and crystalline properties, swelling power, water solubility, morphological and structural changes of starches from TRS and its wild-type Teqing (TQ) were carefully investigated during heating. Compared to TQ, TRS starch showed higher gelatinisation temperatures, lower gelatinisation enthalpy and swelling power. Morphological and structural changes showed that TQ starch drastically swelled after 70 °C, then gradually disrupted with increasing heating temperature. The surrounding band of TRS starch restrained granule swelling, though the subgranules disrupted to form the cavity. The results of spectroscopic analyses indicated that A-type crystalline of TQ changed to amorphous starch after 75 °C, while C-type crystalline of TRS gradually changed to B-type crystalline after 75 °C, then became amorphous starch at 95 °C. These results add to our understanding of the effect of heating on the high-amylose rice starch.     

氧化镁和碱性蛋白酶两步法处理废铬革屑

采用两步法处理铬鞣革屑。首先用氧化镁处理提取明胶,然后再在碱性条件下通过蛋白酶水解作用提取水解蛋白质。研究了各种因素,如反应液pH值、温度及反应时间等对明胶和水解蛋白质质量及其回收率的影响,并分别测定了明胶和水解蛋白质的水分含量、灰分含量、铬含量、总固体含量及回收率,明胶的黏度和密度。研究结果表明Cr2O3在明胶和水解蛋白质中含量在1-10×10-6之间;明胶黏度可达16.2813CP,颜色为淡黄色,符合国家明胶QB581-1981标准中的一级标准;水解蛋白质可作饲料;蛋白质总回收率为80%左右。     

Mn^3＋引发制得的淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚物中的交联键

通过淀粉丙烯腈接枝共聚物（ＳＰＡＮ）在二甲亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）溶剂中溶解度变化情况推断,Ｍｎ＾３＋引发下,淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚反应生成的ＳＰＡＮ分子中存在有交联键,且这种交联键是由接枝共聚反应过程中共聚物自由基偶合反应形成的。     

黄粉虫幼虫粉酶解及体外抗氧化性研究

主要研究了Alcalase蛋白酶水解脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉的工艺,并对水解产物的体外抗氧化能力进行测定.在单因素基础上以还原力为指标设计正交试验得到水解最佳条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.5,加酶量150μL,反应时间100 min.抗氧化试验结果表明,脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉水解液清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟自由基的半抑制率(IC_(50))分别为0.45 mg/mL和4.1 mg/mL,分别是VC的IC_(50)值的112.5倍和19.5倍,还原能力是VC的1/100.将水解前后的脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉溶液进行高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定,测定结果表明,经Alcalase蛋白酶水解后,溶液中可溶性组分增多.     

冷却肉保鲜剂筛选试验研究

在查阅国内大量文献的基础上,确定了GNa液、Nisin、有机酸等几种国内认为较好的鲜肉生物与化学保鲜剂,并在此基础上设计了GNa-Nisin组、Nisin-Acid组两种新的配方。经试验,GNa液在稳定冷却肉感官指标方面具有较好的效果。但对于抑制脂肪的酸败、控制细菌总数、大肠菌群的增加效果较差。Nisin对于抑制G+细菌的生长有一定的效果,但易使产品出现轻微的异味。本试验中;有机酸有明显抑制大肠菌群的效果,但易使产品出现肉色恶化和明显的异味,也能加深或提高脂肪的酸价和H2S含量;试验还得出多种保鲜液配合使用时产生明显的增效作用,具有较好的抑菌保鲜效果。     

精准定位技术在乐山矿区的应用

在定向钻进过程中,经常需要应用导航中靶技术,以期使钻进进入设定的靶区,随着定向钻进技术应用范围的日益拓展,钻进靶区面积越来越小,这对传统的中靶测量技术提出了严峻的挑战,RMRS作为一种主动物探磁测技术,能够实现直径小于1m的靶区的导航要求,具有较高的精确度。本文介绍了RMRS在乐山福川矿区钻井工程中的应用情况。     

L-赖氨酸高产菌选育的研究

以黄色短杆菌ATCC140 6 7为出发菌株 ,经亚硝基胍 (NTG)、硫酸二乙酯 (DES)逐级诱变处理 ,S 2 氨基乙基 L 半胱氨酸 (AEC)、磺胺胍 (SG)等氨基酸结构类似物及琥珀酸为唯一碳源平板定向育种 ,获得 1株L 赖氨酸高产菌XQ 8(AECrSucgThr- SGr)。在含有 16 0 g/L葡萄糖的培养基中 ,摇瓶发酵 72h ,L 赖氨酸积累可达 77～ 82 g/L。     

Preparation and thermal stability of collagen from scales of grass carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis>)

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales (GCS) was swollen in water and treated with microwave for 2 min, followed by decalcifying with 8% aqueous citric acid solution. The collagen of GCS was then prepared by limited pepsin digestion with a yield of 25.64% on dry weight basis. SDS-PAGE, FT-IR and amino acid composition analysis indicated that the pepsin-solubilized collagen from GCS was typical type I collagen, consisting of three different α chains, α₁, α₂ and α₃. The thermal stability of pepsin-solubilized collagen from GCS was studied using viscometry, circular dichroism (CD) and Raman spectroscopies. The denaturation temperature (T _d) of collagen solution was 32 °C determined by viscometry. CD spectra analysis showed that the Td of GCS solution was between 35 °C and 40 °C, and further confirmed by Raman spectra. Thus, a large amount of collagen could be obtained from GCS and the preparation method is safe and time-economizing, and GCS will have potential as an important collagen source for use in various industries.     

油脂氢化三元金属催化剂制备及性能研究注(II)——制备条件的研究

本文在金属元素和组成固定的条件下 ,利用正交实验研究了催化剂的制备条件 (沉淀温度A、老化平衡时间B、干燥温度C、加料方式D)对大豆油加氢催化剂活性与选择性的影响 ,发现影响催化剂活性的顺序是D >A >B >C ,影响亚麻酸选择性指数SⅡ 的顺序是A >B >D >C ,亚油酸选择性指数SⅠ 的顺序是B >A >C >D ,其最佳制备条件是沉淀温度 70℃ ,老化平衡时间 4 0min ,干燥温度 1 0 5℃ ,加料方式为并加法。并利用线性回归方法建立了大豆油氢化时亚麻酸与亚油酸的选择性指数SⅡ 和SⅠ 与主要制备条件 (A/K、B/min、C/K)之间的关系 ,即SⅡ =-2 .6386 0 .0 1 0 4A 0 .0 0 55B 0 .0 0 31 33CSⅠ =0 .1 60 7 0 .0 0 0 8A 0 .0 0 1 89B 0 .0 0 53C