参数研究对煤层气储层中钻水平井和多底井的作用

介绍了水平井和多底井的多种变化形式及其潜在优势.总结出一些规律,认为直井适合于比较厚的煤层气储层,如在San Juan盆地所发现的储层,而水平井和多底井则适用于比较薄的储层.最近,一些作业公司正在钻一批水平井和多底井(包括在比较厚的储层),并宣布在经济上获得成功.介绍了不同厚度、不同特性的煤层气储层中最合适的钻井方式.所研究的储层特性包括气体含量、渗透率、解吸附特性.用于衡量不同井身结构的标准是净现值(NPV).将不同的水平井和多底井的井身结构彼此进行对比,计算其钻井费用.此外,还对双分支、三分支、四分支及鱼骨状(也称为羽状)井身结构进行对比.对于这些井身结构,研究了水平段总长度及各分支间距(SBL)的影响.     

Clinical Breakpoint of Apramycin to Swine Salmonella and Its Effect on Ileum Flora

The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical breakpoint (CBP) of apramycin (APR) against Salmonella in swine and evaluate its effect on intestinal microbiota. The CBP was established based on three cutoff values of wild-type cutoff value (CO_WT), pharmacokinetic-pharmadynamic (PK/PD) cutoff value (CO_PD) and clinical cutoff value (CO_CL). The effect of the optimized dose regimen based on ex vivo PK/PD study. The evolution of the ileum flora was determined by the 16rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics. This study firstly established the CO_WT, CO_PD in ileum, and CO_CL of APR against swine Salmonella, the value of these cutoffs were 32 µg/mL, 32 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. According to the guiding principle of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the final CBP in ileum was 32 µg/mL. Our results revealed the main evolution route in the composition of ileum microbiota of diarrheic piglets treated by APR. The change of the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Euryarchaeota was the most obvious during the evolution process. Methanobrevibacter, Prevotella, S24-7 and Ruminococcaceae were obtained as the highest abundance genus. The abundance of Methanobrevibacter increased significantly when APR treatment carried and decreased in cure and withdrawal period groups. The abundance of Prevotella in the tested groups was significantly lower than that in the healthy group. A decreased of abundance in S24-7 was observed after Salmonella infection and increased slightly after cure. Ruminococcaceae increased significantly after Salmonella infection and decreased significantly after APR treatment. In addition, the genera of Methanobrevibacter and Prevotella were defined as the key node. Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, D-Alanine metabolism, Peptidoglycan and amino acids biosynthesis were the top five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in the ileum microbiota of piglets during the Salmonella infection and APR treatment process. Our study extended the understanding of dynamic shift of gut microbes during diarrheic piglets treated by APR.     

Silk Sericin Enrichment through Electrodeposition and Carbonous Materials for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution

The recycling and reuse of biomass waste for the preparation of carbon-based adsorbents is a sustainable development strategy that has a positive environmental impact. It is well known that a large amount of silk sericin (SS) is dissolved in the wastewater from the silk industry. Utilizing the SS instead of discharging it into the environment without further treatment would reduce environmental and ecological problems. However, effective enrichment of the SS from the aqueous solution is a challenge. Here, with the help of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), which can form a gel structure under low voltage, an SS/CMCS hydrogel with SS as the major component was prepared via electrodeposition at a 3 V direct-current (DC) voltage for five minutes. Following a carbonization process, an SS-based adsorbent with good performance for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution was prepared. Our results reveal that the SS/CMCS hydrogel maintains a porous architecture before and after carbonization. Such structure provides abundant adsorption sites facilitating the adsorption of MB molecules, with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 231.79 mg/g. In addition, it suggests that the adsorption is an exothermic process, has a good fit with the Langmuir model, and follows the intra-particle diffusion model. The presented work provides an economical and feasible path for the treatment of wastewater from dyeing and printing.     

浅议计量检定和校准在质量保证体系中的作用

本文分析了计量在企业生产和经营管理中的重要作用,尤其在质量保证体系中的作用。     

大型太空车屋的测量及测量不确定度的分析

本文介绍了大尺寸测量中经纬仪的应用及测量不确定度的分析。     

一种基于图像的植物器官重建

该文提出了一种基于植物器官图像的器官重建方法,系统实现步骤包括:图像预处理、轮廓的提取、二值化、细线化、矢量化、三角剖分,从而实现器官的重建。文章以叶为例,实现了叶可视化重建。系统考虑叶图像的特点,设计了优化的轮廓提取算法;并对Hilditch细线算法进行改进,提出了一种快速细线化算法。文章提出的器官重建方法可用于多种植物模型(如L系统)的器官外观建模;由于采用基于图像的技术,系统具有逼真的外观效果,实现了植物器官快速可视化重建。     

基于约束的多样图纹理合成方法

基于已有的约束的多样图纹理合成算法,提出采用图像金字塔的方法来实现,并在其中利用了纹理的相关性原理,不仅可以合成自然纹理,而且对结构性较强的纹理也取得了较好的效果,合成速度也得到了提高。实验结果表明,该算法在合成质量和合成速度上都有较大的提高,对于控制某种纹理在合成结果图中的位置的纹理合成有广泛的适用性。     

可靠UDP数据传输协议的研究与设计

在高速数据传输网络中,UDP协议有着其它数据传输协议无法比拟的优势,但也存在着传输可靠性差的问题。文章在细致分析UDP协议特点的基础上,对其关键技术进行了改进,设计出了一种新的可靠UDP协议(RUDP),大大提高了数据传输的可靠性。提出了一个可以预测RUDP协议性能的分析模型,并将分析结果与协议实现后的实验数据进行了比较,结果表明RUDP可以在高速网络中非常有效地运行,分析模型能够对它的性能做出比较准确的预测。     

起重机械型式试验注意事项

根据国家质检总局发布的《机电类特种设备制造许可规则》（试行）的要求,各地的起重机械制造厂依据《特种设备目录》对产品约请型式试验。我院在全国范围内接受并进行型式试验,2004年362台,2005年735台。     

Norm驱动的网格工作流状态机模型

动态的网格环境赋予了网格工作流新的特征。从而进一步增加了工作流程的不确定性和复杂性．提出了Norm驱动的网格工作流状态机模型——GridWSM,利用Norm丰富的语义表达能力和适于描述复杂系统的特征来描述网格工作流系统中任务的动态调度,并利用其推理功能来完善Norm描述、检验Norm的语义冲突,不仅确保了Norm描述的完备性,而且反映了工作流程的实时变化,为系统仿真提供了理论基础．模型的原型系统NormTools验证了网格排序流程的Norm描述,检查出所有的错误．