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71.
72.
Daisuke Yasokawa Satomi Murata Yumiko Iwahashi Emiko Kitagawa Katsuyuki Kishi Yukihiro Okumura Hitoshi Iwahashi 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,109(5):479-486
Zinc pyrithione has been used in anti-dandruff shampoos and in anti-fouling paint on ships. However, little is known of its mode of action. We characterized the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of zinc pyrithione (Zpt) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae using DNA microarrays. The majority of the strongly upregulated genes are related to iron transport, and many of the strongly downregulated genes are related to the biosynthesis of cytochrome (heme). These data suggest that Zpt induces severe iron starvation. To confirm the DNA microarray data, we supplemented cultures containing Zpt with iron, and the growth of the yeast was restored significantly. From these results, we propose that the principal toxicity of zinc pyrithione arises from iron starvation. 相似文献
73.
We investigated the diffusion process of H2O2 generated during O2 reduction at a Pt microdisk electrode used as a generator for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). First, the amount of O2 consumption and generated H2O2 at the Pt generator electrode are estimated using a detector electrode installed in the SECM. Based on the results, a large amount of O2 consumption and generated H2O2 are detected at the center of each generator electrode. According to the measurement, the O2 starvation and H2O2 detection currents can be defined. Subsequently, the O2 starvation and H2O2 detection currents are measured by varying the generator size. As a result, these currents decrease with a decrease in the generator electrode size, however, the H2O2 diffusion process is changed for the generator diameter of less than 50 μm. Finally, the O2 starvation and H2O2 detection measurements were conducted using a Nafion-coated Pt microdisk electrode. The amount of O2 consumption is not suppressed, while the amount of generated H2O2 decreases with the Nafion layer prepared on the Pt electrode. This result indicates that the thickness of the H2O2 diffusion layer in the H2SO4 solution is dramatically diminished by coating the Nafion layer on the Pt generator. 相似文献
74.
Eri Kishi Asako Ozaki Tomoko Ooshima Yutaka Abe Motoh Mutsuga Yukihiko Yamaguchi Tetsuo Yamano 《Packaging Technology and Science》2020,33(4-5):183-193
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are some of the most commonly used containers for beverages. During the manufacturing process of PET resin in Japan, metallic catalysts such as Sb and Ge are widely used, with other metals or metallic compounds also being employed to improve the quality of PET bottles. However, few reports into the contents of such elements exist. Thus, we herein report the concentrations of 34 elements (ie, Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, W, Pb, and U) in 16 samples of unused virgin PET bottles for beverages. The measurement was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and these bottles were found to contain five main elements (ie, <0.5- to 50-mg/kg Ge, <1- to 26-mg/kg Ti, <0.1- to 279-mg/kg Sb, <10- to 48-mg/kg P, and <0.5- to 53-mg/kg Co) that were used as polymerisation catalysts, stabilisers, oxidation catalysts, and bluing agents. Furthermore, when these residual element concentrations in 21 commercial mineral-water PET bottles were determined, there was no significant difference from unused bottles. 相似文献
75.
Polymers prepared from the monomers trimethylsilyldimethylamine and hexamethyldisilazane by glow discharge polymerization were analysed by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy, and some surface properties were investigated. Although the polymers formed from both monomers have similar chemical structures involving CH2, CH, Si---CH3, Si---CH2---CH---2---Si, Si---O---Si, and Si---O---C groups, there is a significant difference in nitrogen residues. The nitrogen residues in polymers formed from trimethylsilyldimethylamine exist mainly as amide groups, and the residues in the polymers from hexamethyldisilazane exist as disilazanyl groups. This difference is evident in the surface energy, especially in the polar contribution. The relative ratio of polar and to dispersive contributions to the surface energy is higher for the polymers from hexamethyldisilazane (0.6) than for those from trimethylsilyldimethylamine (0.3). Adhesion between these plasma films and polymer substrates subjected to modification was also examined. 相似文献
76.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (C(8)HF(17)SO(3)) and perfluorooctane acid (C(8)HF(15)O(2)) are artificial chemicals and have been used all over the world, mainly as water repellent agents, fluorochemical surfactants, coating agents, etc. However, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctane acid are environmental contaminants because of their stability, bio-accumulativeness, and long-term persistence in the ecological environment. At the present day, they are diffused all over the world. Lately, this diffusion is viewed with suspicion and there is a movement towards their restriction, even if the environmental fate of them is still under investigation. Fluorochemical surfactants are key compounds in the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations. AFFFs are used for massive conflagration such as industrial fire and petroleum fire because of their efficient fire control. On the other hand, a lot of AFFFs are used in case of massive conflagration and most of them enter ocean and groundwater. Actually, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate related substances were detected from the fire-fighting facility of US forces. Therefore, there is the possibility of generating perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate related substances from fluorochemical surfactants in the AFFFs. In this study, activated sludge added AFFF were analyzed for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctane acid with time. And the perfluorooctane sulfonate was directly detected after 2 days using LC-MS. This shows that AFFF can be decomposed perfluorooctane sulfonate by microorganisms easily. However, perfluorooctane sulfonate would not decompose at all. Additionally, activated sludge added N-polyoxyethylene-N-propyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide which is one of the fluorochemical surfactants used in the AFFF was analyzed for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctane acid with time and the perfluorooctane sulfonate was detected too. 相似文献
77.
Y. Yasutomi J. Sawada T. Kikuchi K. Nakamura Y. Manabe K. Nagano H. Kuroda T. Sumi H. Kubokawa M. Nagai H. Kogure Y. Sawai T. Kishi 《Journal of Materials Science》1999,34(7):1583-1593
Electrical power demands are increasing every year, meaning that lightweight electric cable is needed which has high transmission capacity, high thermal resistance and low sag. Tokyo Electric Power Co., Chubu Electric Power Co. and Hitachi Cable Ltd. have been breaking new ground in the field of electric cable through the development of a SiC fiber reinforced aluminum conductor. In this work, the SiC/Al interface reaction during the manufacturing process and the electricity transmission temperature were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission-Auger electron spectroscopy (FE-AES) for long-term reliability assessment. No reaction products were detected at the SiC/Al interface of elemental wire consisting of 7 SiC/Al preformed wires, indicating that the wire manufacturing process was reliable. An Al4C3 product was detected locally at the SiC/Al interface of the wire which had been thermally treated in molten Al under unfavorable conditions. The activation energy, Q, of Al4C3 growth at the SiC/Al interface was about 190 kJ/mol. In the temperature range of electricity transmission, Al atoms diffused into SiC fiber during heat treatment, and the amount of the diffused Al increased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time. The activation energy of Al diffusion through the SiC/Al interface to SiC fiber was about 78 kJ/mol. Strength deterioration was not induced by Al diffusion into SiC fiber, but strength strongly depended on the formation of Al2SiO5 compound at the SiC/Al interface above 400°C transmission temperatures. Kinetics calculations indicated that the rate of strength deterioration of the composite cable, held at 300°C for 36 years, was about 5%, so that practical use of SiC/Al composite cable should not be far in the future. 相似文献
78.
Prof. Minoru Yoshimoto Satoshi Kobirata Wataru Sakamoto Hidenobu Aizawa Shigeru Kurosawa 《仪器科学与技术》2013,41(5):495-505
Abstract The present work reports the new characteristics of the immersion‐angle dependence of the resonant‐frequency shift (ΔF) of the one‐face sealed quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in three types of Newtonian liquids, i.e., sucrose, glucose, and glycerol solutions. Below some 1.80×10?2 g cm?2 · s?1/2, the ΔF values are dependent on the immersion angles in all solutions. However, we have found that the transition phenomenon of ΔF occurs between 1.78×10?2 and 4.80×10?2 g · cm?2 · s?1/2 in the sucrose solution, between 1.75×10?2 and 4.34×10?2 g · cm?2 · s?1/2 in the glucose solution and between 1.83×10?2 and 3.03×10?2 g · cm?2 · s?1/2 in the glycerol solution, respectively. Moreover, above the concentrations of the end points of the transition phenomenon, the ΔF values of the sucrose solution are equal to those of 90° at all immersion angles. On the other hand, those of the glucose and the glycerol solutions are the same as those of 30°. This difference may be caused by inherent characteristics of adsorption to the surface of the QCM electrode. 相似文献
79.
Akio Kishi Seiji Kuroda Tadanobu Inoue Takeshi Fukushima Hisami Yumoto 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2008,17(2):228-233
A new testing procedure to evaluate the interfacial toughness of thermal-sprayed coatings has been developed. The newly designed
test specimen is a modification of the pin test with an artificially introduced weak interface, which is expected to open
up easily under tensile loading and act as a circumferential precrack along the interface between a coating and the substrate.
This configuration makes it possible to calculate the stress intensity factor K
Int at the tip of the precrack, which can be expressed as
, where σ0 is the apparent average stress, a the crack length, R the specimen radius, and F
I the geometrical correction function. Finite-element analysis was carried out to calculate the correction function F
I for various values of a/R. In the experiments, the flat surface of a pin was grit-blasted and a ring-shaped area from the periphery was covered with
carbon using a pencil and set into a mating dice. SUS316L stainless steel was plasma-sprayed onto the flat surface of the
pin and the dice. Then, tensile load was applied to the pin to break the weak interface containing the carbon and finally
the unmodified coating-substrate interface. The load required to pull out the pin was measured for various specimen parameters
such as a and R. The results indicate that the adhesion of the tested coatings can be represented by interface toughness of 1.9 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2. As a consequence, this testing procedure can be considered as a viable method to evaluate adhesion of a thermal-sprayed
coating on a substrate. 相似文献
80.
Shiro Torizuka Kaoru Sato Hiroaki Nishio Teruo Kishi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(6):1606-1610
Compacts of TiB2 with densities approaching 100% are difficult to obtain using pressureless sintering. The addition of SiC was very effective in improving the sinterability of TiB2 . The oxygen content of the raw TiB2 powder used in this research was 1.5 wt%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the powder surface consisted mainly of TiO2 and B2 O3 . Using vacuum sintering at 1700°C under 13–0.013 Pa, TiB2 samples containing 2.5 wt% SiC achieved 96% of their theoretical density, and a density of 99% was achieved by HIPing. TEM observations revealed that SiC reacts to form an amorphous phase. TEM-EELS analysis indicated that the amorphous phase includes Si, O, and Ti, and X-ray diffraction showed the reaction to be TiO2 + SiC → SiO2 + TiC. Therefore, the improved sinterability of TiB2 resulted from the SiO2 liquid phase that was formed during sintering when the raw TiB2 powder had 1.5 wt% oxygen. 相似文献