Enhancement of the activities with feedstream doping by tetrachloromethane in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on α-magnesium pyrovanadate

The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene has been investigated on -magnesium pyrovanadate (Mg₂V₂O₇) at 723 K in the presence and absence of tetrachloromethane (TCM). Under the present conditions, the conversion of propane and the selectivity to propylene were 5.0 and 74.5%, respectively, in the absence of TCM while those were 14.0 and 70.2%, respectively, upon addition of a small amount of TCM (P(TCM) = 0.34 kPa) into the feedstream on the catalyst. The conversion of propane on Mg₂V₂O₇ without oxidant in the presence and absence of TCM revealed that a contribution of lattice oxygen in the catalyst to the oxidation was strongly controlled by the addition of TCM, resulting in the enhancement of the activity with TCM.     

Thermal reversibility in crystalline morphology of LLDPE crystallites

We investigated the temperature dependence of the crystalline morphology in linear low density polyethylene by light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and oscillating-DSC. Optical anisotropy in the spherulite, defined by model calculation of the Vv scattering pattern, and the order parameter of crystal orientation within spherulite, estimated by sharpness of the Hv scattering profile, increased in the cooling process while they decreased in the heating process. That is, the morphology is thermally reversible. The morphological change with time after the temperature drop or jump was found to be very fast in several seconds. Oscillating-DSC and SAXS results suggest that the disordering in the heating process is caused by melting of thermally unstable thin lamellae existing between the thick lamellae, which are already developed at high crystallization temperature. Thus, the thermal reversibility is ascribed to the thermally unstable thin lamellae; i.e. the thin lamellae are developed fast at wide temperature range in the cooling process and they melt fast in the heating process at the temperature close to the temperature they are developed. Owing to the fast development of the thin lamellae, the crystalline morphology obtained at high temperature cannot be frozen by quenching.     

Volatile flavour components of Allium grayi regal

The volatile flavour components of Allium grayi Regal have been investigated by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Among the more than 90 component peaks observed by capillary gas chromatography of the oil obtained by ether extraction of the steam distillate, 47 compounds were positively identified. They included 11 sulphur compounds, 5 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 2 furanones and 19 miscellaneous compounds.     

Use of LNG‐Oxygen Gas Mixture in RH Degassing Unit

Mixed gas of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oxygen was injected into the vacuum vessel during non‐decarburization period using a multifunctional lance. Tthis study reports the experimental results when applying this process in a 100‐ton piece of equipment and reports the changes in temperature of the refractory surface and molten steel. Using a multifunctional lance allowed heat supplementation by injecting LNG‐oxygen mixed gas into the vacuum vessel of a RH device and then burning the gas near the outlet of the injection nozzle. The following was found: The minimum surface temperature required so that the skull would not adhere to the RH vessel was calculated as about 1643K (1370°C). When the interior of the RH vacuum vessel was preheated with a multifunctional lance so that the temperature would be higher than this, skull adhesion to the vessel did not occur. Calculation of heat balance for burning under atmospheric pressure showed that about 70% of the heat quantity of burning was supplied to the refractory. When mixed gas was burned during the RH process, it was shown from the temperature change of molten steel that about 52% of the burning heat was transferred to the steel. Heat quantity removed through lance cooling water was proportional to the charge length of the lance, and emissivity ε was equivalent to heat transfer quantity of 0.38.     

Burning Characteristic of LNG‐Oxygen Mixed Gas used for Vacuum Degassing Process

This study was conducted using LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) as fuel which has methane gas as its main component, and theoretical and experimental evaluation was made of the burning conditions of LNG‐oxygen mixed gas under atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure in a vacuum chamber used for the RH process. Conclusions reached in this study of the conditions involved in injecting LNG‐oxygen mixed gas in a vacuum chamber of the RH device and burning it near the nozzle outlet to raise the surface temperature of brick were as follows: (1) Laminar burning velocity of mixed gas of LNG and oxygen was fastest when the mixture ratio was 1:2.3, and when the velocity was proportionally related to the square of temperature and 0.5 root of pressure. (2) Turbulent burning velocity u_t was calculated from the research results of Andrews. (3) It is possible to calculate the turbulent burning velocity and to evaluate u_t/u_m which is the index of stability of the burner flame by experimentally obtaining laminar burning velocity.     

Proposal of a shape adaptive gripper for robotic assembly tasks

This paper proposes a novel robotic gripper used for assembly tasks that can adaptively grasp objects with different shapes. The proposed hand has a combined structure between two kinds of shape adaptive mechanisms where one is the granular jamming and the other is a multi-finger mechanism driven by a single wire. Due to the effect of the two shape adaptive mechanisms, the pose of a grasped object does not change during an assembly operation. The proposed hand has four fingers where two are the active ones and the other two are the passive ones. The pose of the grasped object can be uniquely determined since the passive fingers are used to orient an object placed on a table before the active fingers are closed to grasp it. Assembly experiments of some kinds of parts are shown to validate the effectiveness of our proposed gripper.     

Practical CNT‐FED structure for high‐luminance character displays

Abstract— A high‐luminance CNT‐FED character display using a simple line rib structure was constructed. The display panel had 48 × 480 dots and the subpixel pitch was 1 mm. The greatest benefit of a display using CNT technology is high luminance performance with low‐power consumption. The luminance of the green‐color dot wasca. 10,000 cd/m² under 1/1 6 duty‐cycle driving at a 6‐kV anode voltage. The high luminance of the display panel can provide good visibility when installed even in outdoor locations, and the power consumption was ca. 4 W at the character displaying module. This, a CNT‐FED for character displays also has potential multifunctionality, which could be battery driven. It should be useful for public displays even under emergency no‐power conditions. In this work, a practical structure and process technologies for making ribs with reasonable cost were developed. The newly introduced 2‐mm‐tall line ribs as spacers were formed by using innovative production processes; i.e., the rib paste was pushed out of a multi‐slit nozzle, and the rib shape was formed by UV‐light irradiation. The developed panel structure and manufacturing processes also had the advantages of size flexibility and high production yield.