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11.
Joo-Young Lee Yota Yamamoto Riichi Oe Su-Young Son Hitoshi Wakabayashi Yutaka Tochihara 《Ergonomics》2014,57(8):1213-1221
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and subjective responses of the European, Japanese (JPN) and US firefighters' helmet, gloves and boots for international standardisation. Three experimental conditions were evaluated (clothing mass: 9.4, 8.2 and 10.1 kg for the three conditions, respectively) at the air temperature of 32°C and 60% relative humidity. The results showed that there was no significant difference among the three conditions in oxygen consumption, heart rate, total sweat rate, rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, whereas peripheral temperatures and subjective perceptions were lower in the JPN condition than in the other conditions (P < 0.05). These results indicate that a 0.5-kg reduction in helmet mass and a 1.1-kg reduction in boot mass during exercise resulted in a significant decrease in head and leg temperatures and subjective perceptions, while a 1.9-kg reduction in total clothing mass had insignificant influences on the metabolic burden and overall body temperature. 相似文献
12.
Jinhua Chen Upita Septiani Masaharu Asano Yasunari Maekawa Hitoshi Kubota Masaru Yoshida 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,103(3):1966-1972
In this study the fluoropolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, together with the radiation‐induced crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) film were compared on the basis of their preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes. The polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared by radiation grafting of styrene into the base films and subsequent sulfonation. The proton conductivity and chemical stability of the three types of membranes with a similar ion exchange capacity (IEC) near 1.0 mmol/g were investigated and are discussed in detail. Although the ETFE‐based polymer electrolyte membrane was relatively more stable, its proton conductivity was lower than those of the PVDF‐ and cPTFE‐based membranes. On the other hand, the cPTFE‐based membrane showed a significantly higher proton conductivity, but its chemical stability was shorter than that of the ETFE‐based membrane. It is considered that the difference in the preparation and properties of the polymer electrolyte membranes was due to the difference in the degree of crystallinity as well as in the chemical structure of the fluoropolymer base films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1966–1972, 2007 相似文献
13.
Zhe-Feng Zhang Zheng Ming Sun Hitoshi Hashimoto Toshihiko Abe 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(3):431-436
Ti/Si/2TiC powders were prepared using a mixture method (M) and a mechanical alloying (MA) method to fabricate Ti3 SiC2 at 1200°–1400°C using a pulse discharge sintering (PDS) technique. The results showed that the Ti3 SiC2 samples with <5 wt% TiC could be rapidly synthesized from the M powders; however, the TiC content was always >18 wt% in the MA samples. Further sintering of the M powder showed that the purity of Ti3 SiC2 could be improved to >97 wt% at 1250°–1300°C, which is ∼200°–300°C lower than that of sintered Ti/Si/C and Ti/SiC/C powders using the hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) technique. The microstructure of Ti3 SiC2 also could be controlled using three types of powders, i.e., fine, coarse, or duplex-grained, within the sintering temperature range. In comparison with Ti/Si/C and Ti/SiC/C mixture powders, it has been suggested that high-purity Ti3 SiC2 could be rapidly synthesized by sintering the Ti/Si/TiC powder mixture at relatively lower temperature using the PDS technique. 相似文献
14.
In photo-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose, the effect of metallic ions as sensitizer was investigated. Some metallic ions were effective in their adsorbed states and accelerated the formation of grafts in the order Fe2+ > Ag+ > Fe3+. However, Cu2+ acted negatively, and little effect was observed for Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+. In the systems in which aqueous metallic salt solutions were added, the formation of grafts was generally depressed, but Fe3+ was an exception. The effect of metallic ions on the scission reaction of cellulose main chains did not necessarily agree with the effect on the formation of grafts. This is attributed to the varied interaction between cellulose and the different active species produced by irradiation, depending on the type of metallic ions used. 相似文献
15.
The effect of sodium thiosulfate on the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate to cellulose in the hydrogen peroxide initiator system was investigated. The addition of sodium thiosulfate in general was effective for decreasing the per cent grafting and the average molecular weight of grafts and increasing the formation of homopolymer, and the effects became pronounced with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration. Moreover, the addition of sodium thiosulfate slightly suppressed the formation of grafts at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3 mmole/l., but greatly promoted it at 20 mmole/l. Traces of metallic ions present in cellulose could not be eliminated sufficiently by treatment with 3N hydrochloric acid. Such ions were found to interact with hydrogen peroxide and thus participate directly in the initiation and termination of the polymerization reaction. EDTA, the chelating agent, was highly effective for suppressing such participation of metallic ions. In the hydrogen peroxide initiator system applied to the EDTA-treated samples, sodium thiosulfate caused an effective initiation of graft formation. 相似文献
16.
Cecilia Laschi Gioel Asuni Eugenio Guglielmelli Giancarlo Teti Roland Johansson Hitoshi Konosu Zbigniew Wasik Maria Chiara Carrozza Paolo Dario 《Autonomous Robots》2008,25(1-2):85-101
This paper presents a sensory-motor coordination scheme for a robot hand-arm-head system that provides the robot with the capability to reach an object while pre-shaping the fingers to the required grasp configuration and while predicting the tactile image that will be perceived after grasping. A model for sensory-motor coordination derived from studies in humans inspired the development of this scheme. A peculiar feature of this model is the prediction of the tactile image. The implementation of the proposed scheme is based on a neuro-fuzzy module that, after a learning phase, starting from visual data, calculates the position and orientation of the hand for reaching, selects the best-suited hand configuration, and predicts the tactile feedback. The implementation of the scheme on a humanoid robot allowed experimental validation of its effectiveness in robotics and provided perspectives on applications of sensory predictions in robot motor control. 相似文献
17.
Engineering Transition Metal Layers for Long Lasting Anionic Redox in Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide
Natalia Voronina Jun Ho Yu Hee Jae Kim Najma Yaqoob Olivier Guillon Hyungsub Kim Min-Gi Jung Hun-Gi Jung Koji Yazawa Hitoshi Yashiro Payam Kaghazchi Seung-Taek Myung 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(5):2210423
Oxygen-redox-based-layered cathode materials are of great importance in realizing high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) that can satisfy the demands of next-generation energy storage technologies. However, Mn-based-layered materials (P2-type Na-poor Nay[AxMn1−x]O2, where A = alkali ions) still suffer from poor reversibility during oxygen-redox reactions and low conductivity. In this work, the dual Li and Co replacement is investigated in P2-type-layered NaxMnO2. Experimentally and theoretically, it is demonstrated that the efficacy of the dual Li and Co replacement in Na0.6[Li0.15Co0.15Mn0.7]O2 is that it improves the structural and cycling stability despite the reversible Li migration from the transition metal layer during de-/sodiation. Operando X-ray diffraction and ex situ neutron diffraction analysis prove that the material maintains a P2-type structure during the entire range of Na+ extraction and insertion with a small volume change of ≈4.3%. In Na0.6[Li0.15Co0.15Mn0.7]O2, the reversible electrochemical activity of Co3+/Co4+, Mn3+/Mn4+, and O2-/(O2)n- redox is identified as a reliable mechanism for the remarkable stable electrochemical performance. From a broader perspective, this study highlights a possible design roadmap for developing cathode materials with optimized cationic and anionic activities and excellent structural stabilities for SIBs. 相似文献
18.
Microspots of carbinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on glass substrates were characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). CEA was immobilized via a sandiwch method using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-CEA. The reduction current of the oxidized form of ferrocenylmethanol generated by the HRP reaction was monitored to view SECM images. This method detects as low as ~10(4) CEA molecules in a single 20-μm-radius spot. 相似文献
19.
Recent development of open-loop electric potential microscopy (OL-EPM) has enabled to measure local potential distribution at a solid/liquid interface. However, the operating environment of OL-EPM has been limited to a weak electrolyte solution (<1 mM). This has significantly limited its application range in biology and chemistry. To overcome this limitation, we have developed dual frequency (DF) mode OL-EPM. In the method, an ac bias voltage consisting of two frequency components at f(1) and f(2) is applied between a tip and sample. The local potential is calculated from the amplitudes of the f(1) and |f(1) - f(2)| components of the electrostatic force. In contrast to the conventional single frequency (SF) mode OL-EPM, the detection of the 2f(1) component is not required in DF mode. Thus, the maximum bias modulation frequency in DF mode is twice as high as that in SF mode. The high bias modulation frequency used in DF mode prevents the generation of electrochemical reactions and redistribution of ions and water, which enables to operate OL-EPM even in a strong electrolyte solution. In this study, we have performed potential measurements of nanoparticles on a graphite surface in 1 and 10 mM NaCl solution. The results demonstrate that DF mode OL-EPM allows measurements of local potential distribution in 10 mM electrolyte solution. 相似文献
20.
Koichiro Hirano Masafumi Fukuda Mikio Takano Yoshio Yamazaki Toshiya Muto Sakae Araki Nobuhiro Terunuma Masao Kuriki Mitsuo Akemoto Hitoshi Hayano Junji Urakawa 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2006,560(2):233-239
A multi-bunch photo-cathode RF gun system has been developed as an electron source for the production of intense quasi-monochromatic X-rays based on inverse Compton scattering. The desired multi-bunch beam is 100 bunches/pulse with a total charge of 500 nC and a bunch spacing of 2.8 ns. We modified the gun cavity of a ‘BNL-type IV’ RF gun to allow a CsTe cathode plug in the end plate. The system uses a four-dipole chicane beam line to allow the injection of laser light normal to the cathode surface. We compensate the gun cavity beam loading caused by the high-intensity multi-bunch electron beam by injecting the laser pulse before RF power has filled the cavity. We have achieved a total intensity of 220 nC in 100 bunches with a bunch-to-bunch energy spread under 1.3% (peak-to-peak). This paper concentrates on experiments to generate the high-intensity multi-bunch beam with compensation of the bunch-to-bunch energy spread due to heavy beam loading. 相似文献