采用MAMMOS技术的高密度光记录

MAMMOS(Magnetic Amplifying Magneto－ Optical System:磁畴扩大磁光系统 )是实现高密度磁光盘的有效方法。不仅能得到不依赖于磁畴长度的较大的读出信号振幅,而且还能实现超出光学系统衍射极限的分辨率。过去,为实现磁畴的复印与扩大,要对记录膜面施加垂直方向的外部磁场。而现在得知,同时施加垂直磁场和水平方向的磁场,可大幅度地提高微小磁畴的读出特性。确认采用施加水平磁场的方法,在λ =635 nm, NA=0.55的条件下, 0.15μ m的连续磁畴也能获得 BER=2× 10－ 4的读出效果。     

Study of the Antioxidative Properties of Several Amino Acid-Type Surfactants and their Synergistic Effect in Mixed Micelle

Cysteine and methionine, two sulfur-containing amino acids (AA), were introduced in their surfactant forms as potential antioxidants. The antioxidative (AOX) properties of lauroyl methionine (C12-Met) and lauroyl cysteine (C12-Cys) was investigated by means of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Both the surfactants exhibited excellent AOX behavior at the premicellar state and micellar medium. The AOX behavior was found to be comparable for both the surfactants at their premicellar states. However, in micellar medium, C12-Met showed better AOX property than C12-Cys. The AOX power of the surfactants was compared with other previously developed AA-type surfactants. The order of the AOX power was found to be: C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine ≈ C12-methionine ≈ C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the premicellar state and C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine > C12-methionine > C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the micellar state. C12-Cys displayed lower AOX property in micellar medium due to its dimer formation tendency. Based on the HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, the dimer formation of C12-Cys was found to be accelerated due to the micellar environment and results into negative synergistic effect on other aromatic AA-type surfactants. However, the presence of C12-His in the micellar solution of C12-Cys resulted no synergistic effect due to stronger H-bonding between the surfactants and resulting less dimer formation.     

The Potential Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Degenerative Disorders of the Synovial Joint and Spine

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the changing role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in the healthy and diseased synovial joint and spine. HGF is a multifunctional growth factor that, like its specific receptor c-Met, is widely expressed in several bone and joint tissues. HGF has profound effects on cell survival and proliferation, matrix metabolism, inflammatory response, and neurotrophic action. HGF plays an important role in normal bone and cartilage turnover. Changes in HGF/c-Met have also been linked to pathophysiological changes in degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). A therapeutic role of HGF has been proposed in the regeneration of osteoarticular tissues. HGF also influences bone remodeling and peripheral nerve activity. Studies aimed at elucidating the changing role of HGF/c-Met signaling in OA and IDD at different pathophysiological stages, and their specific molecular mechanisms are needed. Such studies will contribute to safe and effective HGF/c-Met signaling-based treatments for OA and IDD.     

Structure and properties of injection‐molded polypropylenes with different molecular weight distribution and tacticity characteristics

Two series of polypropylenes with different molecular weight distribution and tacticity characteristics were injection molded into flexural test specimens by varying cylinder temperature and the effects of the molecular weight distribution and tacticity on the structure and properties of the moldings were studied. Measured propertied were flexural modulus, flexural strength, heat distortion temperature, Izod impact strength, and mold shrinkage and structures studied were crystallinity, the thickness of skin layer, a*‐axis‐oriented component fraction and crystalline orientation functions. The relations between the structures and properties were also studied. It was found that the molecular weight distribution and tacticity characteristics affect the properties mainly through the molecular orientation and crystallinity, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2142–2156, 2002     

Simple chemical syntheses of TAG monohydroperoxides

For the purpose of synthesizing standards to be used in the quantification of TAG hydroperoxides, three TAG (1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol, and triolein) monohydroperoxides were chemically synthesized as authentic specimens. TAG were prepared by using a simple condensation in pyridine of glycerol and the corresponding acid chlorides. These TAG were then converted into monohydroperoxides by a photosensitized peroxidation. The synthesized monohydroperoxides were analyzed by normal-phase and RP-HPLC. The results of normal-phase HPLC analysis showed that monohydroperoxides from a corresponding TAG were a mixture of regioisomers. In RP-HPLC, however, the regioisomers of monohydroperoxides were not separated and gave a single peak, which may improve the sensitivity for the detection of TAG monohydroperoxides. In this study TAG monohydroperoxide standards were synthesized; these will be useful for the study of yet unknown biological and pathological roles of TAG hydroperoxides.     

Synthesis of single-phase Ti3SiC2 powder

In this study, free 2Ti/2Si/3TiC powder mixture was heated at high temperatures in vacuum, in order to reveal the possibility for the synthesis of high Ti₃SiC₂ content powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the evaluation of phase identities and the morphology of the powder after different treatments. Results showed that almost single phase Ti₃SiC₂ powder (99.3 wt.%) can be synthesized by heat treatment with free 2Ti/2Si/3TiC powders in vacuum at 1210°C for about 3 h. The nucleation and growth of Ti₃SiC₂ within TiC particles was observed. The typical appearance of the formed Ti₃SiC₂ is equiaxed with particle size of 2–4 μm. Effects of temperature and heating time on the morphology and the particle sizes of the synthesized Ti₃SiC₂ powders are not obvious.     

Fabrication and Microstructure Characterization of Ti3SiC2 Synthesized from Ti/Si/2TiC Powders Using the Pulse Discharge Sintering (PDS) Technique

Ti/Si/2TiC powders were prepared using a mixture method (M) and a mechanical alloying (MA) method to fabricate Ti₃SiC₂ at 1200°–1400°C using a pulse discharge sintering (PDS) technique. The results showed that the Ti₃SiC₂ samples with <5 wt% TiC could be rapidly synthesized from the M powders; however, the TiC content was always >18 wt% in the MA samples. Further sintering of the M powder showed that the purity of Ti₃SiC₂ could be improved to >97 wt% at 1250°–1300°C, which is ∼200°–300°C lower than that of sintered Ti/Si/C and Ti/SiC/C powders using the hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) technique. The microstructure of Ti₃SiC₂ also could be controlled using three types of powders, i.e., fine, coarse, or duplex-grained, within the sintering temperature range. In comparison with Ti/Si/C and Ti/SiC/C mixture powders, it has been suggested that high-purity Ti₃SiC₂ could be rapidly synthesized by sintering the Ti/Si/TiC powder mixture at relatively lower temperature using the PDS technique.     

Predicting Solid–Liquid Equilibrium of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and Monoglyceride Mixtures as Biodiesel Model Fuels

Fatty acid methyl esters from plant oils are the main component of biodiesel and used as a substitute for petroleum diesel. Biodiesel generally contains a small amount of monoglycerides as intermediate compounds, which have high melting points and often solidify and clog fuel filters. The prediction of the cold-flow property of biodiesel is of great importance for practical application. In this study, a thermodynamic study was conducted for mixtures of monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters. Temperatures of the solid–liquid equilibrium for the mixtures were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and visual observation, while the theoretical values were calculated using the modified Universal Quasi-chemical Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) model (Dortmund). The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement, especially for binary mixtures of monoglycerides and methyl esters. The importance of monoglycerides on the cold-flow properties of biodiesel was determined, and the effects could be well described by the modified UNIFAC model (Dortmund).     

Lower Tropospheric Aerosol Measurements by MAX-DOAS During Severe Asian Dust Period

A recently developed aerosol retrieval algorithm based on O₄ slant column densities (SCDs) measured at a visible wavelength (476 nm) was utilized to derive aerosol information (e.g., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficients (AECs)) in the lower troposphere during a severe Asian dust period. The MAX-DOAS measurements were carried out at Gwangju, Korea for nearly three months from February through May 2008. Comparison with AOD and surface PM₁₀, measured by collocated sunphotometer and beta gauge sampler, were made to validate the retrieved AODs and AECs in the atmospheric layer surface to 1 km height above ground. On the Asian dust days, temporal variations of the AODs retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements show similar patterns, but with reduced magnitudes, to those measured by sunphotometer whereas similar AOD magnitude and temporal variation was observed between MAX-DOAS and sunphotometer measurements during the non-episodic days. Smaller correlation was observed between the surface PM₁₀ and AECs at 0.5 km during the Asian dust period compared to the correlation obtained for the non episodic days. This study demonstrates the ability of MAX-DOAS as a remote sensing technique for surface aerosol measurements under conditions of homogeneously distributed pollution in the planetary boundary layer. However, for the measurement of significantly enhanced aerosol loads with heterogeneous vertical distribution (e.g., Asian dust), measured AODs and AECs are underestimated at altitudes above 1 km due to decreased sensitivity of MAX-DOAS measurements at high altitudes.