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121.
Behavior of ignition and combustion of coal particle cluster under a quiescent condition was numerically simulated by solving balance equations of mass and enthalpy with combustion kinetic models of volatiles and char. Two-flame structure, one flame penetrating into the cluster and the other moving out of the cluster, was predicted during the combustion of coal particle cluster. Effects of radiative heat transfer, group number, ambient temperature, coal particle size, and oxygen concentration on ignition and combustion of coal particle clusters were also analyzed. Simulations indicated that the gas volume fraction of coal particle cluster increases with time after devolatilization. Gas velocity passing through the cluster surface varied significantly at volatile liberation. The ignition time delay was reduced with the increase of ambient temperature. The cluster devolatilization rate and char burning rate increased while the ignition time delay decreased with the increase of ambient oxygen concentration. 相似文献
122.
Yong?An?Jung Du?Young?Choi Seung?Bum?Hong Kyung?Ho?RowEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(4):705-708
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully developed for the simultaneous and rapid separation for the main whey proteins, α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin. This method consisted of a linear gradient of the two mobile phases of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. The total run time for this separation was approximately 30 min, and α-Lactalbumin was eluted followed byβ- Lactoglobulin. The injection volume was fixed at 20 μl and the flow rate was 1 ml 1/min. The optimum mobile phase composition and gradient conditions to separate α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin (A+B) were experimentally obtained at the 15 μm particle with a pore size of 300 Å on the linear-gradient mode. 相似文献
123.
Kwang Ho Kim Soo Won Lee Dong Won Shin Chan Gyung Park 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(4):915-921
Antimony-doped tin oxide films were prepared on Corning glass substrate by chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of SnCl4 –SbCl5 –H2 O. The electrical conductivity and optical transmission of tin oxide films were studied with antimony doping. The film conductivity increased largely without losing optical transparency with a small addition of antimony. The increase of the conductivity was attributed mainly to more electrons donated by pentavalent Sb ions in the SnO2 lattice. Large additions of antimony, however, diminished the conductivity, optical transparency, and crystallinity of the film. The diminution was found to be caused by fine Sb2 O5 phases codeposited with SnO2 . 相似文献
124.
Hydrogen sulfide gas was removed in a 2-dimensional gas-lift reactor by the photosynthetic microorganismChlorobium thiosulfatophilum using light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. LEDs saved light energy by 99% compared with the incandescent light
source. The plate-type gas-lift reactor removed hydrogen sulfide five times better per unit mg of protein, and performed two
times better in the maximum performance per unit luminous flux, compared with cylindrical fermentors. 相似文献
125.
Different amounts of K2 CO3 were added to (Ba,Sr)TiO3 -based PTCR (positive temperature coefficient of resistance) ceramics to investigate their influence on the microstructural and electrical properties. Experimental results showed that the incorporation of K acted as an A-site acceptor-type dopant. In addition to enhancing discontinuous grain growth, the increase of K2 CO3 was found to raise the room-temperature resistivity which was dominated by grain-boundary resistance rather than grain resistance. By adjusting to a suitable amount of donor dopant, the inherent contamination of K in raw material can be compensated to achieve a high-quality PTC resistor. 相似文献
126.
Unsaturated polyester (UP)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using hydroxypropylacrylate (HPA) as a reactive diluent instead of conventional styrene monomer and the effect of polarity of reactive diluent on properties of nanocomposite was investigated. X‐ray and mechanical test data indicated that mixing for an extended period of time is essential to enhance the physical properties of nanocomposites in the UP/Cloisite 6A system. This was attributed to the high polarity of HPA that may disturb the preintercalation of UP resin into the galleries of MMT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 238–242, 2004 相似文献
127.
Natural objects often contain vivid color distribution with wide variety of colors. Conventional colorization techniques, on the other hand, produce colors that are relatively flat with little color variation. In this paper, we introduce a randomized algorithm which considers not only the value of target color but also the distribution of target color. In essence, our algorithm paints a color distribution to a region which synthesizes color distribution of a natural object. Our approach models the correlation between intensity and color in HSV color space in terms of H – S, H – V and S – V joint histogram. During the colorization process, we randomly swap and reassign color of a pixel to minimize a cost function that measures color consistency to its neighborhood and intensity‐to‐color correlation captured in the joint histogram. We tested our algorithm extensively on many natural objects and our user study confirms that our results are more vivid and natural compared to results from previous techniques. 相似文献
128.
Yong K. Park Ho K. Lee Nong M. Hwang Houk C. Kwon Jong C. Park Duk N. Yoon 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1988,71(6):297-C
Microstructures of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor were observed using a polarized microscope. Orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were easily distinguished by the optical etching with cross-polarized light. In the specimen cooled rapidly in oxygen, it was possible to see the path of oxygen diffusion by observing the variation of the twin concentration. At the boundary between transformed and untransformed materials, evidence for diffusion-driven transformation could be clearly seen. 相似文献
129.
Yeong-Koo Yeo Jong Ho Park See-Han Park Changman Sohn 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2005,22(3):339-344
In this work, the Model Algorithmic Control (MAC) method is applied to control the grade change operations in paper mills.
The neural network model for the grade change operations is identified first and the impulse model is extracted from the neural
network model. Results of simulations for MAC control of grade change operations are compared with plant operation data. The
major contribution of the present work is the application of MAC in the industrial plants based on the identification of neural
network models. We can confirm that the proposed MAC method exhibits faster responses and less oscillatory behavior compared
to the plant operation data in the grade change operations. 相似文献
130.
A Truncated Sum of Processing‐Times–Based Learning Model for a Two‐Machine Flowshop Scheduling Problem
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Scheduling with learning effects has gained increasing attention in recent years. A well‐known learning model is called “sum‐of‐processing‐times‐based learning” in which the actual processing time of a job is a nonincreasing function of the jobs already processed. However, the actual processing time of a given job drops to zero precipitously when the normal job processing times are large. Moreover, the concept of learning process is relatively unexplored in a flowshop environment. Motivated by these observations, this article addresses a two‐machine flowshop problem with a truncated learning effect. The objective is to find an optimal schedule to minimize the total completion time. First, a branch‐and‐bound algorithm incorporating with a dominance property and four lower bounds is developed to derive the optimal solution. Then three simulated annealing algorithms are also proposed for near‐optimal solution. The experimental results indicated that the branch‐and‐bound algorithm can solve instances up to 18 jobs, and the proposed simulated annealing algorithm performs well in item of CPU time and error percentage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献