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941.
JS Striffler SJ Bhathena OE Michaelis JD Campbell CT Hansen E Scalbert N Thibault MT Velasquez 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,47(10):1199-1204
The spontaneously hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat is a genetic model that exhibits both non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypertension. To determine the impact of long-term treatment with the long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril (PE) on the glucose metabolism, lipid levels, and heart in this model, studies were performed in three groups of SHR/N-cp rats maintained on a diet containing 54% carbohydrate with 18% sucrose and 36% starch. One group of obese rats received PE (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg body weight/d) for 3 to 4 months, a second group of obese rats received no treatment, and a third group of lean rats were used as controls. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased gradually in both untreated obese and lean rats, with lean animals showing slightly higher levels compared with untreated obese rats. By contrast, SBP was reduced to normal levels in PE-treated obese rats throughout the treatment period. Compared with lean rats, obese rats showed significantly higher body weight and fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). However, no significant differences were observed in these metabolic parameters between PE-treated and untreated obese rats. Plasma renin activity measured at the end of the treatment period was significantly higher in PE-treated rats compared with untreated obese and untreated lean rats. The mean heart weight and left ventricular weight, expressed in absolute terms or indexed to body weight, were significantly lower in PE-treated versus untreated obese and untreated lean rats. To further determine whether glucose metabolism is directly affected by PE treatment, in vitro glycogen synthesis was evaluated in isolated soleus muscles obtained from three additional groups of animals. The basal rate of muscle glycogen synthesis was significantly lower in obese compared with lean rats (P < .05), but did not differ between PE-treated and untreated obese rats. Maximal insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis increased threefold in PE-treated obese rats, but this increase did not differ from the increases observed in untreated obese and lean rats. In conclusion, the present study shows that long-term PE treatment in obese SHR/N-cp rats with NIDDM and hypertension effectively controlled systemic arterial pressure and resulted in a significant reduction in left ventricular weight. However, these favorable effects of PE were not associated with significant improvement in glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia in this model. PE also had no direct stimulatory effects on either basal or insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis in the isolated soleus muscle of obese rats, perhaps because of the severe insulin-resistant state of the animals. Our results support the clinical observations that antihypertensive therapy with ACE inhibitors has neutral effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients with combined hypertension and NIDDM. 相似文献
942.
H Buchwald HR Bourdages CT Campos P Nguyen SE Williams JR Boen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,120(4):672-679
BACKGROUND: Few lipid/atherosclerosis intervention trials have assessed the impact of cholesterol reduction on peripheral arterial disease. The 838 patients evaluated in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) trial represent more than the total number of patients in the seven previously reported studies. METHODS: Peripheral arterial disease in POSCH was assessed by progression of clinical disease, serial changes in the systolic blood pressure ankle/brachial index (ABI), and changes on sequential peripheral arteriograms. RESULTS: At the time of formal closure of the POSCH trial on July 19, 1990, claudication or limb-threatening ischemia was exhibited in 72 of 417 control group (CG) patients and in 54 of 421 intervention group (IG) patients (IG relative risk [RR] 0.702, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.169 to 1.000, p = 0.049). With additional follow-up evaluation to September 30, 1994, clinical peripheral arterial disease was evident in 91 CG patients and 64 IG patients (RR 0.656, 95% CI 0.200 to 0.903, p = 0.009). At the 5-year follow-up evaluation, an ABI of less than 0.95 was present in 41 of 120 CG patients and in 24 of 126 IG patients, all of whom had an ABI of 0.95 or greater at baseline (RR in the IG of 0.557, 95% CI 0.360 to 0.863, p < 0.01). No appreciable differences were noted in the progression or regression of arteriographic peripheral arterial disease between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Effective cholesterol reduction in POSCH led to statistically significant differences between the control and the intervention groups in the development of clinically evident peripheral arterial disease and in the ABI values, but not in the peripheral arteriograms. Additional studies need to assess the correlation between peripheral arterial changes and coronary arterial changes and clinical atherosclerosis events. Intervention trials that study peripheral arterial disease have intrinsic value in the evaluation of the impact of risk factor modification on progression of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. 相似文献
943.
Ho Lee 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2007,21(7):1077-1082
Picosecond mid-IR USPL induced surface damage on a Gallium Phosphate (GaP) and Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) is reported. A semiconductor GaP and a dielectric material CaF2, that are transparent over3–10μm, were exposed to one picosecond mid-IR light (4.7μm) to investigate laser-induced surface morphological changes on the target The initiation of damage along the polishing scratch
line of GaP and the random location of damage digs on the CaF2 suggests that the mid-IR picosecond laser-induced damage on targets started from intrinsic surface defects. Multiple pulse
irradiations produced periodic corrugated surface structures (ripples) perpendicular to the polarization of light on both
GaP and CaF2. In terms of the orientation and the spacing between ripples, observed ripples have common features with previously reported
ripples. 相似文献
944.
BT's Work Manager platform uses a dynamic scheduler to plan the daily jobs of field engineers. In order to produce reliable
schedules, Work Manager requires accurate estimates about the time an engineer spends on travelling from one job location
to the next (inter-job time) and how much time is required to complete a job.
We have developed a generic platform called Intelligent Travel Time Estimation and Management System (ITEMS) that we have
used to derive a specialised version for modelling the behaviour of BT's mobile workforce. This travel time estimation system
(TTE) receives job data every night and learns a new estimation model on a daily basis. When a new estimation model significantly
differs from the currently used model, the new estimation model is automatically uploaded into Work Manager.
The estimation algorithm has been used in a loosely coupled trial for about two years. Currently, we are undertaking trials
of TTE — a tightly coupled Web-based system that fully automates the learning and management of estimation models, providing
a graphical user interface that displays rich detail about the travel patterns of BT's mobile workforce. During the trial
period we have observed that using TTE can quickly improve the accuracy of travel time estimates by up to 10%.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
945.
MOS structure with Si nanocrystals embedded in the gate oxide close to the gate has a much larger capacitance compared to a similar MOS structure without the nanocrystals. However, charge trapping in the nanocrystals reduces the capacitance dramatically, and after most of the nanocrystals are charged up the capacitance is much smaller than that of the MOS structure without nanocrystals. An equivalent-capacitance model is proposed to explain the phenomena observed. 相似文献
946.
Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials (Ba, Sr)CoxFe1−xO3−δ [x = 0.2–0.8] (BSCF), were synthesized by a glycine-nitrate process (GNP) using Ba(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as starting materials and glycine as an oxidizer and fuel. Electrolyte-supported symmetric BSCF/GDC/ScSZ/GDC/BSCF cells consisting of porous BSCF electrodes, a GDC buffer layer, and a ScSZ electrolyte were fabricated by a screen printing technique, and the electrochemical performance of the BSCF cathode was investigated at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C) using AC impedance spectroscopy. Crystallization behavior was found to depend on the pH value of the precursor solution. A highly acidic precursor solution increased the single phase perovskite formation temperature. In the case of using a precursor solution with pH 2, a single perovskite phase was obtained at 1000 °C. The thermal expansion coefficient of BSCF was gradually increased from 24 × 10−6 K−1 for BSCF (x = 0.2) to 31 × 10−6 K−1 (400–1000 °C) for BSCF (x = 0.8), which resulted in peeling-off of the cathode from the GDC/ScSZ electrolyte. Only the BSCF (x = 0.2) cathode showed good adhesion to the GDC/ScSZ electrolyte and low polarization resistance. The area specific resistance (ASR) of the BSCF (x = 0.2) cathode was 0.183 Ω cm2 at 600 °C. The ASR of other BSCF (x = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) cathodes, however, was much higher than that of BSCF (x = 0.2). 相似文献
947.
Tu C.-L. Hwang W.-L. Ho J. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2005,51(3):1049-1062
Complex-valued wavelets are normally used to measure instantaneous frequencies, while real wavelets are normally used to detect singularities. We prove that the wavelet modulus maxima with a complex-valued wavelet can detect and characterize singularities. This is an extension of the previous wavelet work of Mallat and Hwang on modulus maxima using a real wavelet. With this extension, we can simultaneously detect instantaneous frequencies and singularities from the wavelet modulus maxima of a complex-valued wavelet. Some results of singularity detection with the modulus maxima from a real wavelet and an analytic complex-valued wavelet are compared. We also demonstrate that singularity detection methods can be employed to detect the corners of a planar object. 相似文献
948.
949.
Chun Hong Park Yoon Jin Oh Joo Ho Hwang Deug Woo Lee 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2006,20(1):51-58
To compensate for the motion errors in hydrostatic tables, a method to actively control the clearance of a bearing corresponding
to the amount of error using actively controlled capillaries is introduced in this paper. The design method for an actively
controlled capillary that considers the output rate of a piezo actuator and the amount of error that must be corrected is
described. The basic characteristics of such a system were tested, such as the maximum controllable range of the error, micro-step
response, and available dynamic bandwidth when the capillary was installed in a hydrostatic table. The tests demonstrated
that the maximum controllable range was 2.4 /im, the resolution was 27 nm, and the frequency bandwidth was 5.5 Hz. Simultaneous
compensation of the linear and angular motion errors using two actively controlled capillaries was also performed for a hydrostatic
table driven by a ballscrew and a DC servomotor. An iterative compensation method was applied to improve the compensation
characteristics. Experimental results showed that the linear and angular motion errors were improved to 0.12 μm and 0.20 arcsec,
which were about 1/15th and l/6th of the initial motion errors, respectively. These results confirmed that the proposed compensation method improves the motion
accuracy of hydrostatic tables very effectively. 相似文献
950.
Three strong anion-exchange membranes (CIM QA, Q100 and HiTrap Q) were investigated for the separation of the major proteins,
which were contained in whey, such as α-Lactalbumin, BSA and β-Lactoglobulin. Experiments were performed to determine the
optimum mobile phase composition for separating the whey proteins using the standard chemicals of the proteins. The mobile
phase was buffer A (20 mM piperazine-HCl pH 6.4) and buffer B (buffer A+1 M NaCl) and the linear gradient elution changes
of salt concentration were applied. The standard chemicals of the proteins were used to investigate the optimal mobile phase
compositions with the three anion-exchange membranes. From the experimental results, it was found that HiTrap Q was the most
effective in separating whey proteins. 相似文献