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81.
Certain new sulfide-smelting processes and coal-gasification processes generate high-strength sulfur dioxide streams, for
which a new process for converting sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur needs to be developed because no process exists that
is generally and economically applicable to the treatment of such streams. A thermodynamic and experimental investigation
to develop a new process for converting sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur by a cyclic process involving calcium sulfide and
calcium sulfate without generating secondary pollutants was carried out. In this process, the starting raw material, calcium
sulfate, is reduced by a suitable reducing agent, such as hydrogen, to produce calcium sulfide, which is used to reduce sulfur
dioxide to elemental sulfur vapor and calcium sulfate. The latter is, in turn, reduced to regenerate calcium sulfide. In this
Part I, detailed experimental results are presented on the kinetics of the reaction between sulfur dioxide and calcium-sulfide
pellets, which produces elemental sulfur and calcium sulfate. The experiments were carried out at temperatures between 1023
and 1088 K and sulfur-dioxide partial pressures between 9 and 60 kPa by the use of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique.
The rate of this reaction was demonstrated by the conversion of 40 pct calcium-sulfide pellets obtained from the hydrogen
reduction of fresh calcium sulfate in 10 minutes at 1073 K under a sulfur-dioxide partial pressure of 43 kPa. The reactivity
decreased somewhat during the first three cycles but remained largely unchanged thereafter up to the tenth cycle. This characteristic
of the pellets is important because the solids must be reusable for repeated cycles to avoid generating secondary pollutants.
A pore-blocking model was found to fit the reaction rate. The reaction is first order with respect to sulfur-dioxide partial
pressure and has an activation energy of 101 to 134 kJ/mol (24 to 32 kcal/mol) for calcium-sulfide pellets reacted and regenerated
several different times. Sulfur dioxide-containing streams from certain sources, such as the regenerator off-gas from an integrated-gasification,
combined-cycle, desulfurization unit and new sulfide-smelting plants, contain much higher partial pressures of SO2. In these cases, the rate of the first reaction is expected to be proportionally higher than in the test conditions reported
in this article. The reduction kinetics of calcium-sulfate pellets with hydrogen gas is reported in the accompanying Part
II. 相似文献
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83.
84.
当成千上万的农民远离穷困的村落,视而不见地掠过小城镇,径奔大城市寻梦或淘金,一个显见的事实是,大城市里有更多的就业机会,有更多的钱赚——从生存的角度看,只要条件具备,没有谁不愿意趋利避害。 站在政府的角度,秩序则是重要的。任何政府都担心刑事案件随着它的城市人口的暴涨而剧增,而且,这还不是惟一的,因为与“月黑风高夜,杀人放火天”的刑事案件相伴的至少还有贫民窟。杀人、放火、贫民窟等等一系列大城市综合症,恰恰是西方国家城市化道路的“遗产”,是发展中国家快速城市化的特产。 相似文献
86.
Liang Y.C. Wenjiang Zeng Pick Hong Ong Zhaoxia Gao Jun Cai Balasubramanian N. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2002,23(12):700-703
In this letter, a concise process technology is proposed for the first time to enable the fabrication of good quality three-dimensional (3-D) suspended radio frequency (RF) micro-inductors on bulk silicon, without utilizing the lithography process on sidewall and trench-bottom patterning. Samples were fabricated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed process technology. 相似文献
87.
88.
In this paper, a localized MEI method (L-MEI) is developed and combined with the domain decomposition method (DDM) for the simulation of scattering by a concave cylinder. In the L-MEI, the whole domain is decomposed into many subdomains. Different from the conventional MEI method, the MEI coefficients of the L-MEI method in each subdomain are only dependent on the localized metrons that are defined in the subdomain. The localization of metrons has the following advantages: (1) speeding up the calculation of MEI coefficients and saving memory, (2) making the MEI method available for concave structures, and (3) obtaining a band sparse matrix directly without any modification 相似文献
89.
90.
利用实验数据,分析与研究振动场振动参数对聚合物挤出制品质量的影响,对聚合物挤出制品的熔体流动速率,微晶结构,拉伸强度等主要性能质量指标,建立以振动频率为主要控制变量的神经网络模型,并引入信息分配模型,探讨了一个网络输入节点下神经网络学习样本的特征提取与优化。实验结果表明,经过信息预处理的学习样本,可以使网络有更好的收敛效果。 相似文献