Robust tracking control of an array of nanoparticles moving on a substrate

Control of nanosystems with frictional dynamics using feedback control methods is important to a wide range of applications of nanotribology. This paper studies the tracking control problem of an array of nanoparticles moving on a substrate with friction between the substrate and the particles. The focus of this study is on control design and stability analysis. The major challenges in this problem include nonlinearities and uncertainties in the frictional dynamics and limited availability of measurable states in nanosystems. The particle–substrate interaction is considered to be unknown, and the unknown effect of unmodeled particle dynamics on the dynamics of the center of mass of the array is also considered. A nonlinear identifier is first developed to identify these unmodeled dynamics. A feedback controller is then developed based on the identifier to control the center of mass of the particles to track a desired trajectory. Boundedness of the closed-loop states and semiglobal asymptotic stability of the tracking error are proven using Lyapunov theory for the case of linear inter-particle interactions. An example with more general Morse-type inter-particle interactions is included to provide some level of confidence that the results are general but not assuredness that they are. Numerical simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the developed identification and control law.     

Eigenvalue Modeling and Cross-Correlation Analysisfor 6.0-6.4 GHz MIMO Channel

In Multiple-Input Multiple-Output （MIMO） system, the number of positive channel matrix eigenvalues ~s directly related to system performance. In order to characterize and model channel matrix eigenvalues, channel measurements at 6. 0 -6. 4GHz by using 4 ~ 4 MIMO structure were conducted in a typical classroom environment. Based on measured data, the eigenvalues were modeled as Log-Normal distributed random variables and parameterized. Furthermore, Cross-Correlation （CC） coefficients of eigenvalues were estimated. The measurement results show that, under both Light-Of-Sight （LOS） and Non- Light-Of-Sight （NLOS） scenarios, eigenvalues are highly de-correlatod so that CC can be ignored for eigenvalue model.     

复合材料蜂窝夹层结构计算的一般方法和进展

本文对目前蜂窝夹层结构有限元分析的方法进行旭纳；对每一种计算模型中所包含的假设作一讨论；指出其适用范围，供设计和强度计算时参考。     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of the interface between Ag electrode and PVDF film treated by electric poling

Interface changes induced by electric poling treatment between an Ag electrode deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation and a polymer thin film have been investigated. The polymer film poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a fluoropolymer of repeat unit (–CH₂–CF₂–) was treated under electric poling at high temperature of 90°C. The characterization was accomplished using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a primary tool. The results indicate that the piezoelectricity of PVDF thin films and adhesion force between polymer thin film and metallic electrode are improved by electric poling and chemical bond joint.     

A survey of inspection strategy and sensor distribution studies in discrete-part manufacturing processes

Methodologies, modeling approaches, and the interactions between various system elements involved in inspection-allocation and sensor-distribution problems, that influence operational quality decisions, are discussed. The surveyed papers fall into two broad categories: inspection-oriented quality-assurance strategies and diagnosis-oriented sensor-distribution strategies. Within each subarea, individual papers are further classified according to the system characteristics of the physical processes being investigated and the modeling characteristics of the approaches being used. As evident from nearly 100 journal articles published in the past four decades, these two problems have received considerable attention from researchers in quality engineering, management science, operations research as well as robotic vision arenas. We find that the inspection-allocation problem has been studied rather comprehensively whereas the relatively new sensor-distribution problem has plenty of opportunities for researchers. Discussions are also presented to summarize our observations based on the classifications along with some thoughts on future research.     

Effects of Ti on N distribution and diffusion in FeTiN thin films

We studied the distribution and diffusion of N atoms in FeTiN single-layer and bilayer thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that in as-deposited films N atoms are first absorbed by Ti atoms, the rest being dissolved into FeTi lattices. Ti not only directly absorbs N by chemical bonding, but also decreases the energy of the N atoms that are dissolved into FeTi lattices. The diffusion study of N atoms in single layer and bilayer films showed that although the presence of Ti stabilized the /spl alpha/ phase of FeTi lattices during 200/spl deg/C annealing, the diffusion length of dissolved N in FeTi (Ti/spl les/8 at.%) lattices was still comparable to the diffusion length of N in pure Fe. Thus, the addition of a small amount of Ti in /spl alpha/-Fe lattice can not completely stabilize N atoms in the film, and the induced magnetic anisotropy of the films can still be unstable, although the /spl alpha/ phase of FeTiN is stabilized by the addition of Ti. The distribution of N atoms in bilayer films can be fitted by a simple enthalpy model.     

风机动力型末端在变风量空调系统中的应用

通过对从低温送风技术中发展起来的变风量系统末端--风机动力箱的分析,在实际应用中对比两种型式的该种末端,分析其优缺点,认为这是一种值得在高级办公大楼中优先考虑和推广的系统形式.     

Electroplated hard magnetic material and its application in microelectromechanical systems

We describe the preparation of CoNiMnP-based permanent-magnet material using several sulfate and chloride solutions. We studied eight samples, and all the samples show vertical magnetic anisotropy. Sample8, which was electroplated from a low-concentration chloride solution and under external magnetic field, demonstrates the best magnetic properties with coercivity 2632 Oe, remanence 0.20 T, and maximum magnetic energy 10.185 kJ/m/sup 3/. An array structure can avoid the stress between the electroplated layer and the seed layer. The electroplated Co/sub 0.8/Ni/sub 0.1174/Mn/sub 0.0062/P/sub 0.0762/ permanent magnet has potential for bidirectional actuators in micro-electromechanical systems.     

The hydration characteristics and expansion machanism of expansive cement at low<Emphasis Type="Italic">W/B</Emphasis> ratio

The hydration characteristics and expansion impetus of three kinds of cement paste under free-and confined-curing conditions were investigated, which were respectively mixed with three different kinds of expansive agent at low W/B ratio. The results show that the hydration products of pure cement paste and paste mixed with expansive agent are same, but the amount of hydration products, un-hydrated C₃S and C₂S are obviously different at the same hydration age. At 3 d age, the amount of CH in pure cement paste is less than that of paste mixed with expansive agent, but it is reverse when at 28 d age. The amount of AFt at 3d and 28d age in pure cement paste is less than those of paste mixed with expansive agent. Regardless of under free- or confined-curing condition, the amount of ettringite produced varies little since 3d age. The joint effect of the tumefaction of gel-ettringite due to water absorption and the expansive pressure on the pore caused by the crystalloid ettringite is the cause of the volume expansion of cement paste, and the former effect is much greater than the latter. LU Lin-nu : Born in 1972 Funded by 973 High-tech Project of China (No. 2001CB610704-2) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2002AB075)     

飞轮贮能电池的发展与应用

介绍了飞轮贮能电池作为一种新概念电池所具有的优点：比能量、比功率大，寿命长，无二次污染；概括了飞轮储能电池所涉及的相关技术领域；对国内外飞轮储能技术的发展现状、主要应用领域和发展趋向进行了详细的论述。