制造可冲散产品——化圆为方

过去几十年中,湿巾市场总体上快速增长.预计2018-2023年,个人护理湿巾销售额复合年均增长率为7.9％,按非织造布用量计的复合年均增长率为8.0％. 在个人护理湿巾中,湿厕纸是近年来快速发展的产品类别.湿厕纸主要采用气流成网、水刺、湿法水刺非织造布为基材,其中以湿法水刺为主流.     

Multiyear Performance of a Pervious Concrete Infiltration Basin BMP

The use of infiltration storm-water best management practices (BMPs) has become a more commonly used approach as a means of reducing postdevelopment runoff volumes in many areas throughout the United States. Although studies regarding the performance of infiltration BMPs are emerging, much remains to be learned about their design, construction, and operation. The increase in knowledge will improve the performance and longevity of these BMPs. The performance of one such infiltration basin over a 2-year cycle is presented in this paper. The study site is a pervious concrete infiltration basin BMP built in 2002 in a courtyard common area at Villanova University. The system consists of three linked infiltration beds lined with geotextile filter fabric, filled with coarse aggregate, and overlaid with pervious concrete. The natural soil beneath the infiltration BMP is a silty sand. The BMP is extensively instrumented to facilitate water quantity and quality research. Both water-quantity and -quality results are presented. The water-quantity analysis showed that the performance of the basin was directly related to its infiltration characteristics. The infiltration rate of the silty sand is cyclic, with higher rates during warmer periods and lower rates during colder periods. The water quality analysis investigated the pollutant reduction for chloride, copper, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the inlet to the surface-water outlet of the structure, as well as differences in pollutant concentration levels between the basin, surrounding ground, and varying soil layer elevations beneath the basin. In general, the pollutant reduction to the surface waters was greater than 90% from inlet to outlet, primarily influenced by the infiltration of the storm water into the natural soils below the BMP. The pollutant concentration of the infiltrating runoff was found to be higher than expected in the area adjacent to the bed when compared to concentration levels found at a similar depth beneath the infiltration bed. Comparison of pollutant concentration levels, as the water moved from within the storage bed to the soil beneath the bed, were shown to vary, with statistical differences found for mean concentration levels of both pH and copper levels; and no statistical differences were found for conductivity, total phosphorous, and chloride at each elevation.     

Photokatalytische Bildung von Wasserstoff aus Thiolen in Gegenwart von Vitamin B12-Modellverbindungen mit Azid als photochemischem Opferliganden

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Formation from Thioles in the Presence of Vitamin-B₁₂ Model Complexes with Azide as Photochemical Sacrificial Ligand The photolysis of [N₃Co(chelat)B] complexes ( 1–3 ) (chelat = dimethylglyoxime, dmg; N,N′-o-phynylenebis(salicylidenimine), salphen; N,N′-ethylene-bis(salicylidenimine), salen; B = pyridine) leads by homolytic cleavage of the Co–N₃ bond to both coordinatively unsaturated cobalt(II) chelates [Co(chelat)B] and N₃ ligand radicals that undergo fast decay to dinitrogen. The photolysis of the cobalt (III) complexes 1–3 in the presence of thiophenole and other thioles proceeds catalytically and yields the corresponding disulphides and dihydrogen. The mechanism of this photocatalytic generation of dihydrogen is due to the catalytic activity of the coordinatively unsaturated cobalt(II) species formed photochemically. A photocatalytic cycle is proposed describing the generation of hydrogen. Possible photochemical and thermal steps of that cycle are discussed.     

Photochemische Untersuchungen von Vitamin B12-Modellverbindungen mit Azid bzw. Thiolat als Axialliganden – Precursorverbindungen für koordinativ ungesättigte Cobalt(II)-Komplexe

Photochemistry of Azido and Thiolato Vitamin-B₁₂ Model Complexes as Precursor Compounds for Coordinatively Unsaturated Cobalt(II) Complexes The photolysis of [LCo(chelat)B] complexes ( 1–3 ) (L = azide, N; thiolate, RS⁻; chelat = dimethylglyoxime, dmg; N,N′-o-phenylene-bis(salicylidenimine), salphen; N,N′-ethylene-bis(salicylidenimine), salen; B = pyridine, imidazole, triphenylphosphine) leads upon the homolytic cleavage of the Co L bond to both coordinatively unsaturated reactive cobalt(II) chelates [Co(chelat)B] and ligand radicals L^•. The efficiency of these photochemical redox reactions is described in relation to the structure of the cobalt(III) chelates, the wavelength of irradiation, the light-intensity as well as the solvents and substrates used during the photochemical experiments. Further, sensitization experiments using [Ru(bipy)₃]Cl₂ as sensitizer are described and the redox potentials of the investigated complexes are discussed.