Effect of precyclic loading on stress-corrosion-cracking initiation in an X-65 pipeline steel exposed to near-neutral pH soil environment

A study was carried out to understand the effect of precyclic loading on stress-corrosion-crack initiation in an X-65 pipeline steel exposed to a near-neutral-pH soil environment. The test specimens were precyclically loaded before corrosion exposure to represent a service history of up to about 20 years, depending on the severity of pressure fluctuation. Microcracks had initiated on the polished surface of the X-65 pipeline steel after long-time exposure at open-circuit potential (OCP) in a near-neutral-pH synthetic soil solution. These microcracks were mostly initiated from pits at metallurgical discontinuities such as grain boundaries, pearlitic colonies, and banded phases in the steel. Strong preferential dissolution was observed along planes of the banded structures in the steel. The selective corrosion attack at these metallurgical discontinuities is attributed to the galvanic nature of those areas to their neighbors. Cyclic loading prior to corrosion exposure had significant effects on microcrack initiation and propagation during subsequent corrosion exposure. Cyclic loading prior to corrosion exposure either reduced or increased the probability of crack initiation and the rate of crack propagation, depending upon the magnitude of the stress cycles. The largest reduction was seen at a peak cyclic stress of about 0.8 of the yield strength. This cyclic-loading-dependent cracking behavior might be related to the alteration of the substructures and the residual stress in the steel as a result of precyclic loading.     

松辽南部早白垩世断陷期沉积相与成岩相

松辽南部早白垩世断陷期地层地震相分析显示,该时期冲积扇、三角洲、水下扇及扇三角洲沉积体系十分发育,是深部油(气)聚集的有利场所。登娄库组可分出:浅埋弱压实成岩相、晚表生溶蚀成岩相、深埋溶蚀成岩相、深埋压溶成岩相,以前二者为油气聚集的有利成岩相。     

Possibilities and extension of XRD material response analysis in failure research for the advanced evaluation of the damage level of Hertzian loaded components

Due to clearly distinguishable damage symptoms, it is differentiated between the surface and sub‐surface failure mode of rolling bearings. Material states red out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress measurements point to a variety of loading conditions especially at raceway surfaces that are associated with several competing failure mechanisms. The corresponding lifetime reduction can range from the lower fatigue strength region to material ratcheting in extreme cases. Relevant position of the microstructural changes and nature of the failure mechanisms are characterized. The time alteration of the XRD material parameters measured at or near the surface and at the depth of the maximum equivalent stress correlates, in a different manner, with the statistical parameter of the 10 % bearing life. Both failure modes are illustrated by concrete examples. Contaminated lubricant and boundary lubrication, which represent practically important surface‐induced failures, are discussed in more detail. Gray staining, i.e. shallow pitting, often occurs without distinct indication of global material aging by means of XRD characteristics. Here, scanning electron microscopy observations and electron microprobe analyses point to corrosion fatigue as acting surface failure mechanism. The interaction between material and lubricant under complex loading regimes particularly of mixed friction and corrosion opens further failure research areas in the field of tribology.     

某地下室深井渗漏的治理

分析了上海兰心影剧院地下室深井修建后出现渗漏的原因，介绍了堵漏工程采用的防水材料和施工方法。     

降低精炼钢中氢氧含量的探索

主要介绍通过优化炼钢生产工艺,使产品满足新的技术要求:S≤0.010％,P≤0.015％.[H]≤0.0002％,[O]≤0.0045％,[N]≤0.0055％。     

矿用立式旋风水膜除尘器除尘性能的试验研究

本文通过对立式旋风水膜除尘器除尘性能的模型试验,揭示了几个主要参数对其除尘性能的影响,确定了合理的取值范围,对该种除尘器的设计和应用提供了依据。     

AlNiCo52磁钢外观质量的改善

本研究在确保磁性能不降低的前提下，通过添加少量的添加元素或化合物，如难熔金属，稀土金属，稀土氧化物、钙化合物等，明显改善了定向结晶AlNiCo52（简称五类定向）磁钢的外观，有效地避免了铸造缺陷，从而大幅度地降低了生产成本，提高了生产效益。     

定容气田开发规划概算法

基于物质平衡方程、产能方程和递减方程的结合,提出了定容气田开发规划的概算法.该法可用于预测地层压力、井底流动压力、井口流动压力和稳产年限.实际应用表明,本文提供的方法是实用有效的.     

半金属摩阻材料中铜纤维摩擦磨损行为的研究

用扫描电子显微镜(SME)和X-射线能谱分析法(EDX)对铜纤维增强的半金属摩阻材料与灰铸铁对偶滑摩后的摩擦表面进行了分析,研究了摩阻材料中铜纤维的摩擦磨损行为.结果表明,在摩擦磨损过程中,摩阻材料摩擦表面上铜的分布更加弥散化,并且铜纤维具有集铁作用,因而摩阻材料摩擦表面上形成了富铁贫铜表面工作层;铜能从摩阻材料摩擦表面转移到对偶摩擦表面,故对偶摩擦面上分布一定量铜,这是摩擦副具有稳定摩擦系数和良好耐磨性的关键因素;铜纤维取向对摩阻材料摩擦磨损行为有显着影响.