Pore Propagation Directions in P+ Porous Silicon

A comparative study is presented on the pore propagation directions of porous silicon layers (PSL) formed on p⁺-type substrates of different orientations. PSLs were formed on plain (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) silicon wafers as well as on structured (0 0 1) wafers containing facets of various orientations. During anodization, regular pores follow the 0 0 1 direction on the (0 0 1) planes. While on the (1 1 1) planes fewer regular pores develop and seemingly propagate closely to the 1 1 1 direction. These results indicate that the pores propagate perpendicular to the surface i.e. along the field lines when the surface orientation is either (0 0 1) or (1 1 1).When the silicon surface provided (1 1 0) orientation (Chuang, Collins, and Smith, 1989), or its position is in between the (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) planes then the pores do not propagate perpendicular to the surface but along the 0 0 1 direction.All the phenomena exhibited might be explained by presuming that during formation, the pores propagate along the 1 0 0 directions, and that those 1 0 0 directions are preferred which are closely to the field lines. In PSLs formed on (0 0 1) surfaces the field lines and the 0 0 1 crystallographic direction are coincident. However, in the (1 1 1) oriented wafer where three equally probable 1 0 0 directions exist around the field lines, more irregular structure of PSLs will develop.     

费托合成熔铁催化剂对液体产物的影响

实验考察了温度、压力、H2/CO和空速等不同操作条件对固定床熔铁催化剂费托合成液态产物的影响,得出了液态产物在不同操作条件下的时空产率、烃类产率、含碳量(C5～C13)、烯烷比及正构烷烃与支链烷烃(正支比)的一些变化规律。     

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷系统吸收特性的研究

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的吸收器采用传热、传质分离装置,利用预冷器预先冷却和喷淋吸收的方法完成对传热、传质的分离。通过建立吸收器的计算模型,分析冷冻水出口温度、冷却水进口温度、热水温度、喷淋温度、喷淋密度等因素对传热、传质的影响。利用传热、传质分离方法,使系统的吸收特性得到强化,从而使系统获得较高的性能系数。     

倒谱距离和短时能量的语音端点检测方法研究

在讨论传统倒谱距离语音端点检测方法不足的基础上,提出了一种基于倒谱距离和短时能量的语音端点检测改进方法。基于倒谱距离的单参数端点检测方法在高信噪比环境下效果较好,然而在低信噪比的环境下其端点检测性能急剧下降。通过分析倒谱距离和短时能量各自的端点检测特性,建立了一种结合二者特点的双参数判决准则,在保证运算量没有显著增大的前提下提高了端点检测的准确率。仿真实验结果表明,新方法相对于基本倒谱距离端点检测方法,在低信噪比的高斯白噪声环境下端点检测性能有较明显提高。     

Gaussian sampling of lattices for cryptographic applications

Gaussian sampling is the major class of algorithms for solving the close vector problem(CVP)of lattices.In this paper we present a novel Gaussian sampling algorithm,which has the same cryptographic applications with original Gaussian sampling algorithms.Our novel Gaussian sampling algorithm has smaller deviations,meaning smaller space sizes of lattice based public-key ciphers.The shape of our novel algorithm is almost repeated implementations of original algorithm,with random repeating times.Major result is that the deviation can be reduced to 0.64～0.75 of that of original Gaussian sampling algorithm without clearly increasing the average time cost.     

Towards evolvable Internet architecture-design constraints and models analysis

There is a general consensus about the success of Internet architecture in academia and industry. However, with the development of diversified application, the existing Internet architecture is facing more and more challenges in scalability, security, mobility and performance. A novel evolvable Internet architecture framework is proposed in this paper to meet the continuous changing application requirements. The basic idea of evolvability is relaxing the constraints that limit the development of the architecture while adhering to the core design principles of the Internet. Three important design constraints used to ensure the construction of the evolvable architecture, including the evolvability constraint, the economic adaptability constraint and the manageability constraint, are comprehensively described. We consider that the evolvable architecture can be developed from the network layer under these design constraints. What＇s more, we believe that the address system is the foundation of the Internet. Therefore, we propose a general address platform which provides a more open and efficient network environment for the research and development of the evolvable architecture.     

改造医院信息系统加强医院控费管理

通过对各检查科室程序和HIS系统部分程序修改,只有交费或记账的患者才能打印报告,从而使得漏费控制从"事后控制"转变为"事前控制",为医院创造可观的经济效益。同时实现了两者无缝联接,达到信息共享。     

Electrical behavior of carbon black-filled polymer composites: Effect of interaction between filler and matrix

The effect of interaction between carbon black and polymer on electrical behavior was studied using the ESR method. The polymer matrices used were HDPE, LDPE, and ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA). Two kinds of carbon blacks (CB), high structure CSF-III and low structure FEF, were used as a conductive filler. Compared to that of the HDPE/FEF compound, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) intensity is lower and electrical reproducibility is worse for the HDPE/CSF-III compound; however, it can be improved significantly by radiation cross-linking. On the other hand, the cross-linking has no practical effect on the PTC intensity of the LDPE/CSF-III compound while it can be achieved by mixing the compound for a longer time. The great PTC intensity was obtained in the HDPE/EVA/CSF-III compound, and it is greater than that of HDPE/CSF-III or EVA/CSF-III. We explain these results using the concept of interaction between the filler and matrix. The absorption of the polymer on the carbon black surface may be physical or chemical; the latter is caused by the free-radical reaction between the polymer and carbon black, and it can occur during the radiation or preparation process of the compound. These “bound polymers” are essentially important for materials to have a great PTC intensity and good reproducibility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Alkylation of toluene with 1‐dodecene over HFAU zeolite. Deactivation and regeneration

The alkylation of toluene with 1dodecene was carried out over a HFAU zeolite (total and framework Si/Al ratio = 25) under the following conditions: fixedbed reactor, 90°C, molar toluene/dodecene ratio of 3, WHSV =10 h^–. Monododecyltoluenes are selectively formed, bidodecyltoluenes appearing only in low amounts at a complete conversion of dodecene. Tridodecyltoluenes are also formed inside the supercages but cannot desorb from the zeolite. These compounds, mainly located in the outer part of the crystallites are responsible for catalyst deactivation. However, tridodecyltoluenes can be completely removed by treatment under toluene flow, which allows a complete regeneration of the catalyst. This removal occurs by transalkylation between tridodecyltoluenes and toluene molecules with a final formation of monododecyltoluenes. At least, the first transalkylation steps occur between toluene in the liquid phase and tridodecyltoluenes in the zeolite pores (pore mouth catalysis).