High‐Performance,Monolithic Polyaniline Electrochemical Actuators

New polyaniline (PANI) asymmetric membranes were fabricated using a phase‐inversion technique with hexane as the coagulation bath. These membranes exhibit a dense structure with macrovoids distributed asymmetrically throughout the cross‐section. A stress–strain study demonstrated that the Young's modulus (1.421 GPa) and strain at break (7.6 %) of the new PANI asymmetric membranes prepared from hexane are approximately 12 and 4 times higher, respectively, than the values reported previously for the PANI integrally skinned asymmetric membranes (ISAMs) (123 MPa Young's modulus and 1.8 % strain at break). Furthermore, monolithic electrochemical actuators based on a single PANI asymmetric membrane were constructed, and a bending movement of up to 20 Hz was experimentally recorded in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. A lifetime of over 329 500 cycles was determined for these actuators at a ± 2° angular displacement (5 Hz). The lifetime is limited by a bending fatigue that creates a transversal crack on the PANI membrane at the air–water interface. Control over the actuator movement is also manifested by the linear dependences of the bending angle on the charge and of the angular velocity on the current. These relationships are independent of both the kind of applied electric signal and the frequency used.     

Orientation-based unique representation for planar curves and shapes

This paper presents an orientation-based representation for planar curves and shapes. The new representation can uniquely represent all types, of planar shapes, be it convex, nonconvex, polygonal, smoothly curved, or piecewise smooth shapes. It is based on a new parameterization, theabsolute integral orientation. This representation is invariant under translation and rotation. The absolute integral orientation is a parameter invariant under scaling. As a result, matching of similar shapes (i.e., determination of the relative orientation and the scaling factor) using the absolute integral orientation as the parameter is easier than using the arclength as the parameter. In addition, the new representation has the feature of adaptive sampling, making it more compact and efficient than arc-length-based representations.     

Possibilities and extension of XRD material response analysis in failure research for the advanced evaluation of the damage level of Hertzian loaded components

Due to clearly distinguishable damage symptoms, it is differentiated between the surface and sub‐surface failure mode of rolling bearings. Material states red out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress measurements point to a variety of loading conditions especially at raceway surfaces that are associated with several competing failure mechanisms. The corresponding lifetime reduction can range from the lower fatigue strength region to material ratcheting in extreme cases. Relevant position of the microstructural changes and nature of the failure mechanisms are characterized. The time alteration of the XRD material parameters measured at or near the surface and at the depth of the maximum equivalent stress correlates, in a different manner, with the statistical parameter of the 10 % bearing life. Both failure modes are illustrated by concrete examples. Contaminated lubricant and boundary lubrication, which represent practically important surface‐induced failures, are discussed in more detail. Gray staining, i.e. shallow pitting, often occurs without distinct indication of global material aging by means of XRD characteristics. Here, scanning electron microscopy observations and electron microprobe analyses point to corrosion fatigue as acting surface failure mechanism. The interaction between material and lubricant under complex loading regimes particularly of mixed friction and corrosion opens further failure research areas in the field of tribology.     

波动方程正演模型及应用

本采用声波方程，通过四阶有限差分近似，实现了复杂地质构造零炮距的数值模拟。中同时展示实际应用效果。     

FED制作工艺研究

本文介绍了我们开发的ＦＥＤ工艺，包括；硅锥场致发射阵列的制作，栅极制作，阳极支柱的制作和平板透明真空封装，对工艺中的难点及对策作了详细描述。利用上述工艺，已经制成了平板数码管，其栅阴特性理想，阳阴之间也能测得明显的场致发射特性产伴有荧光激发。     

TiO_2压敏陶瓷晶粒半导化

本文主要研究 TiO_2陶瓷晶粒半导化的途径及晶粒电阻率的测试方法。实验结果表明,通过掺入Nb_2O_5施主杂质可以有效地降低晶粒电阻率,并使 TiO_2系陶瓷具有良好的压敏特性。     

含淀粉聚乙烯膜的时控光降解研究

使用复合光降解剂，得到了可光降解的生物降解膜。对膜的光降解进行了考察，并对影响光降解的因素进行了讨论，结果表明，我们所制得的膜是一种较好的时控光降解膜。