基于延时锁定环的时间数字转换器设计

A time-to-digital converter(TDC) based on a reset-free and anti-harmonic delay-locked loop(DLL) circuit for wireless positioning systems is discussed and described. The DLL that generates 32-phase clocks and a cycle period detector is employed to avoid "false locking". Driven by multiphase clocks, an encoder detects pulses and outputs the phase of the clock when the pulse arrives. The proposed TDC was implemented in SMIC 0.18 m CMOS technology, and its core area occupies 0.7 0.55 mm2. The reference frequency ranges from 20 to 150 MHz. An LSB resolution of 521 ps can be achieved by using a reference clock of 60 MHz and the DNL is less than 0.75 LSB. It dissipates 31.5 mW at 1.8 V supply voltage.     

基于叠加训练序列的低复杂度时变信道估计方案

与传统的时分/频分复用训练序列相比,采用叠加训练序列的传输方案可以有效地提高系统的频谱利用率。然而,叠加方案中训练序列与信息序列的相互干扰会造成系统性能的严重下降,如何有效消除信息干扰是提高信道估计性能的关键。该文针对时变衰落信道,首先提出一种新的基于一阶统计量信道估计算法。该算法利用基扩展模型(BEM)构建时变信道,通过时域分块平均的方法来抑制信息序列干扰。在此基础上,利用信息序列和训练序列经历相同信道衰落的特性,提出一种基于加权最小二乘(WLS)的迭代信道估计与检测方案。新方案利用 Kalman滤波检测器代替确定性最大似然(DML)检测器,将检测符号序列看作附加的“训练序列”用于信道估计,从而可以显著提高信道估计性能。仿真结果表明,新方案可以有效消除信息序列干扰,且性能和计算复杂度均优于现有的同类方案。     

地物环境对红外诱饵弹散射特性建模及仿真

针对红外诱饵弹的工作特点,依据其空时域分布特性,建立了诱饵弹的红外辐射模型;根据红外诱饵弹辐射与环境目标的作用机理,利用双向反射率函数（BRDF）建立目标表面面元的散射特性模型,实现了目标表面面元接收诱饵弹的辐射在观测方向产生的辐射亮度计算;并基于OGRE的红外场景仿真平台,对诱饵弹发射前后地物环境的变化进行实时仿真。仿真结果显示了发射诱饵弹后不同时刻诱饵弹辐射对地物环境的影响效果,这对红外诱饵弹研发具有极为重要的意义。     

两种脉冲涡流轴对称有限元模型的比较

脉冲涡流检测技术是近年来发展迅速的一种新型涡流检测技术。由于其激励信号频谱宽广,不同频率分量的涡流能够渗透到不同深度,使其检测信号包含更丰富的深度方向的缺陷信息,在航空维修等工业领域有着重要的意义。对脉冲涡流检测的仿真可以指导脉冲涡流检测技术的研究。本文利用二维轴对称模型,介绍r脉冲涡流有限元仿真的两种方法一傅里叶变换法和时间步进法,并详细比较了这两种方法的优缺点。     

基于模糊酉矩阵TD-SCDMA突发信号组合码的盲估计

针对TD-SCDMA突发信号盲解扰与盲解扩的问题,该文提出了一种基于模糊酉矩阵组合码盲估计的方法。该方法将TD-SCDMA系统中短扩频码与固定长度的扰码一起视为小区的扩频码,即组合码,首先根据用户midamble码自身高度的相关性进行midamble码捕获和载波残余频偏估计;然后根据midamble码所处的相对位置,以扰码长度为周期对数据域信号进行分段截取,最后利用相关函数二阶矩、奇异分解法以及消除模糊关系的酉矩阵法,即可完成组合码的盲估计。仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的估计效果,而且在估计复组合码前,无需估计组合码的周期。     

基于Contourlet变换和Facet模型的红外小目标检测方法

针对存在复杂背景干扰和噪声情况下的红外弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于循环平移Contourlet变换和Facet模型多向梯度特性的检测方法。首先通过循环平移Contourlet变换,利用硬阈值对图像进行去噪,提高图像的信噪比和平滑性;然后设计了一种基于Facet模型多向梯度特性的中值滤波器,对去噪后的图像进行滤波,有效地抑制复杂背景和噪声;其次采用两级最大类间方差算法对滤波后的图像进行分割;最后根据相邻帧候选目标的位置和速度关系进一步检测弱小目标。实验证明,这种算法抗噪性强,对包含强纹理结构的复杂背景具有良好的抑制作用,能够有效地检测出弱小目标。     

竞走运动员运动训练计划管理系统的设计与开发探究

随着我国经济和科技的快速发展,现代信息化技术的应用已经深入到了社会上的各个领域。在竞走运动员训练计划中建立信息化管理系统是信息化时代发展的必然需求,也是科学化、合理化运动员运动训练计划的制定。使得运动员的运动潜力得到挖掘和激发,使得运动员的竞技水平能够在比赛中得到有效的发挥。     

一种太阳能供电LED照明系统电路设计

文章以太阳能供电的LED照明系统为研究对象,探讨了其基本构成,重点探讨了太阳能充电控制器的设计及其电路实现。设计了以PWM控制器CS51221为控制核心的充电控制器的电路,探讨了相关元器件参数的计算方法：分析了LED照明驱动系统的组成及其功能,设计了以NCP3066为核心的LED驱动电路、光敏二极管开关电路、PWM波调光电路;完成了简易太阳能供电LED照明系统电路的硬件,并对其功能及工作性能参数进行了测试和分析。结果表明,该LED照明系统满足设计要求,系统运行良好。     

Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers in High Efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells

The detailed characterization of solution‐derived nickel (II) oxide (NiO) hole‐transporting layer (HTL) films and their application in high efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is reported. The NiO precursor solution is examined in situ to determine the chemical species present. Coordination complexes of monoethanolamine (MEA) with Ni in ethanol thermally decompose to form non‐stoichiometric NiO. Specifically, the [Ni(MEA)₂(OAc)]⁺ ion is found to be the most prevalent species in the precursor solution. The defect‐induced Ni³⁺ ion, which is present in non‐stoichiometric NiO and signifies the p‐type conduction of NiO, as well as the dipolar nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) species are confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with a polymer/fullerene photoactive layer blend composed of poly‐dithienogermole‐thienopyrrolodione (pDTG‐TPD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) are fabricated using these solution‐processed NiO films. The resulting devices show an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.8%, which is a 15% improvement over devices utilizing a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL. The enhancement is due to the optical resonance in the solar cell and the hydrophobicity of NiO, which promotes a more homogeneous donor/acceptor morphology in the active layer at the NiO/BHJ interface. Finally, devices incorporating NiO as a HTL are more stable in air than devices using PEDOT:PSS.     

Structure‐Properties Relationship in Iron Oxide‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructures for Li‐Ion Batteries

Non‐aqueous sol‐gel routes involving the reaction of metal oxide precursors in organic solvents (e.g., benzyl alcohol) at moderate temperature and pressure, offer advantages such as high purity, high reproducibility and the ability to control the crystal growth without the need of using additional ligands. In this paper, a study carried out on a series of iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide composites is presented to elucidate a structure‐properties relationship leading to an improved electrochemical performance of such composites. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the easy production of the composites in a variety of temperature and composition ranges, allows a fine control over the final particles size, density and distribution. The materials obtained are remarkable in terms of the particle's size homogeneity and dispersion onto the reduced graphene oxide surface. Moreover, the synthesis method used to obtain the graphene oxide clearly affects the performances of the final composites through the control of the restacking of the reduced graphene oxide sheets. It is shown that a homogeneous and less defective reduced graphene oxide enables good electrochemical performances even at high current densities (over 500 mAh/g delivered at current densities as high as 1600 mA/g). The electrochemical properties of improved samples reach the best compromise between specific capacity, rate capability and cycle stability reported so far.