An infrared spectroscopic study of the mechanism of chloromethane conversion to higher hydrocarbons on HZSM5 catalyst

Investigation of the reaction mechanism of chloromethane on ZSM5 is a new topic. In this work an in situ FTIR technique was employed to study the conversion processes of chloromethane, the active sites on HZSM5, and the desorption state of surface species. The catalytic conversion of chloromethane to higher hydrocarbons was also studied. It is demonstrated that chloromethane can be reversibly adsorbed on acidic sites of HZSM5 at room temperature. At 100°C chloromethane is irreversibly and dissociatively adsorbed on the strong acidic sites of HZSM5, on which surface methoxyl is formed as proved by infrared characteristic C-H stretchings of-CH₃ at 2960 and 2870 cm^–1. Alkoxyls are produced and adsorbed on the catalyst surface as characterized by the infrared absorption bands of -CH₂-groups at 1460 and 2930 cm^–1. At 100°C the adsorbed methoxyl and alkoxyls are the main surface species, and a small amount of aromatics might exist as detected by a characteristic absorption band at 1510 cm^–1. Between 100 and 200°C the adsorbed surface methoxyl and alkoxyls are converted to aromatics, and the occupied OH groups partially appear. At temperature higher than 300°C the adsorbed aromatics are thermally desorbed into the gas phase. Aromatics and alkanes are the main products in catalytic conversion. These results reveal that the formation of aromatics from methoxyl and alkoxyls is easier than the desorption of aromatics from HZSM5 catalyst. An alkoxyl mechanism is proposed for the conversion of chloromethane on HZSM5 based upon the experimental results and the three assumptions: (a) The primary C-C bond is formed from surface methoxyl groups via the methoxyl group polarization and C-H bond weakening, (b) The adsorbed alkoxyls are converted to aromatics via hydrogen transfer and bond rearrangement similar to the conventional carbenium ion mechanism for the aromatization of olefins and alkanes on HZSM5. The hydrogen atoms from the aromatization stimulate the desorption of alkoxyls to alkanes. (c) At temperature higher than 300°C surface reactions and desorption of adsorbed species take place simultaneously, determining the product distribution in the catalytic conversion.     

气体灭火自动控制装置的设计原理

通过科研成果转化的气体灭火系统目前己成为我所科技产业中的主导产品。其控制装置是其中关键配套设备。本文就其开发设计中的设计思想、技术原理、技术设计特色等作一阐述     

对文物古建筑消防保护资金匮乏及对策的思考

文物古建筑的保护,是一项系统而又复杂的工程。而文物古建筑长期得不到有效保护的根本问题就是资金匮乏。要切实解决这个问题,需紧紧依靠当地政府,加大投入,充分发挥各个职能部门的作用,全面吸引个人投资,拓宽保护资金的来源渠道,开辟出一条政府领导、齐抓共管、专群结合、群防群治的文物保护之路     

环境·个性:南宁市检察院建筑设计

场地环境分析南宁市检察院所处的民族大道是广西首府南宁市最主要的城市干道.自西往东.连接着旧城中心与琅东新中心区.南宁市主要的市政公建如会展中心、市人大会堂.市中级法院、市政府等均集中于琅东新区,与南湖一起已形成南宁市最富有生机的美丽的中心区域。     

复合超细丙纶及应用

对国内外细旦丙纶的开发和发展进行了介绍，阐述了单丝纤度为０．１～０．５ｄｔｅｘ的复合超细丙纶的制造方法、原材料规格、复合剥离技术以及产品质量。重点讨论了复合超细丙纶及织物的舒适性、染色性和卫生性，应用于织造、服装领域。     

交流量热法测量SiO2薄膜的热扩散率

介绍了交流量热法测量薄膜热扩散率的原理和系统组建，用脉宽为纳秒级的超短激光脉冲作为热源，测量了Si衬底上厚度为100nm和500nm的SiO2薄膜水平方向上的热扩散率，实验结果表明该结构的热扩散率比SiO2体材料的要小，并且随着SiO2层厚度的减小，热扩散率也减少。     

采矿爆破地震安全距离与设计参数的应用研究

依据爆破安全规程给出了实际检测资料的处理方法。根据爆破设计和检测数据拟合结果的差异性，讨论了爆破地震安全距离S随设计经验参数K、α值的变化规律和范围，得出K取最大值，α取最小值能够最大限度保证现场建筑物安全的结论。     

浅谈如何生产质量稳定的乳化炸药

通过大量的试验及理论分析 ,总结出影响乳化炸药质量稳定的原因 ,并制定了提高质量稳定的措施     

Synthesis and Properties of the Bi-Based Superconducting Powder Prepared by the Pechini Process

Bi-based superconductors are of great interest in high-temperature superconductors. We describe what is believed to be the first synthesis of these materials using the Pechini process, a low-temperature synthetic method that often yields inorganic oxide of excellent phase purity and well-controlled stoichiometry. Using this process, it has been possible to synthesize phase-pure Bi-2223 phase by calcining the appropriate polymeric precursors in air at 800°C for several hours. The superconductivity studies show that the Pechini-synthesized materials appear to offer high-quality performance.     

Operating characteristics and their anisotropy in a high-power laser (1.5 W, 300 K) with a quantum-dot active region

Continuous-wave lasing has been demonstrated in a vertically coupled quantum-dot laser with a high output power (1.5 W) at room temperature. It was shown that anisotropy of the quantum dot profile leads to anisotropy of the laser operating characteristics. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 50–55 (May 12, 1998)