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排序方式: 共有985条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Caroline Celle Clément Suspène Jean-Pierre Simonato Stéphane Lenfant Marc Ternisien Dominique Vuillaume 《Organic Electronics》2009,10(1):119-126
In this paper we show that thiolated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be used to anchor source–drain gold electrodes on the substrate, leading to excellent electrical performances of the organic field-effect transistor (OFET) on a par with those using a standard electrode process. Using an amorphous semiconductor and a gate dielectric functionalized with SAMs bearing different dipole moments, we demonstrate that we can tune the threshold voltage alone, while keeping nearly unchanged the other electrical properties (hole carrier mobility, Ion/Ioff ratio, subthreshold swing). This differs from previous studies for which SAMs functionalization induced significant changes in all the OFET electrical performances. This result opens doors to design organic circuits using reproducible amorphous semiconductor based OFETs for which only the threshold voltage can be tuned on demand. 相似文献
62.
Verstrepen KJ Van Laere SD Vercammen J Derdelinckx G Dufour JP Pretorius IS Winderickx J Thevelein JM Delvaux FR 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2004,21(4):367-377
The yeast alcohol acetyl transferase I, Atf1p, is responsible for the major part of volatile acetate ester production in fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Some of these esters, such as ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, are important for the fruity flavours of wine, beer and other fermented beverages. In order to reveal the subcellular localization of Atf1p and further unravel the possible physiological role of this protein, ATF1::GFP fusion constructs were overexpressed in brewer's yeast. The transformant strain showed a significant increase in acetate ester formation, similar to that of an ATF1 overexpression strain, indicating that the Atf1p-GFP fusion protein was active. UV fluorescence microscopy revealed that the fusion protein was localized in small, sphere-like organelles. These organelles could be selectively stained by the fluorescent dye Nile red, indicating that they contained high amounts of neutral lipids and/or sterols, a specific characteristic of yeast lipid particles. Purification of lipid particles from wild type and ATF1 deletion cells confirmed that the Atf1p-GFP fusion protein was located in these organelles. Furthermore, a clear alcohol acetyl transferase activity could be measured in the purified lipid particles of both wild type and transformed cells. The localization of Atf1p in lipid particles may indicate that Atf1p has a specific role in the lipid and/or sterol metabolism that takes place in these particles. 相似文献
63.
Bacterial-based additives for the production of artificial snow: What are the risks to human health?
Arnaud Lagriffoul Rafik Absi Jean-Marc Berjeaud Edmond E. Creppy Jean-Pierre Gadonna Cindy E. Morris 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(7):1659-1666
For around two decades, artificial snow has been used by numerous winter sports resorts to ensure good snow cover at low altitude areas or more generally, to lengthen the skiing season. Biological additives derived from certain bacteria are regularly used to make artificial snow. However, the use of these additives has raised doubts concerning the potential impact on human health and the environment. In this context, the French health authorities have requested the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Afsset) to assess the health risks resulting from the use of such additives. The health risk assessment was based on a review of the scientific literature, supplemented by professional consultations and expertise. Biological or chemical hazards from additives derived from the ice nucleation active bacterium Pseudomonas syringae were characterised. Potential health hazards to humans were considered in terms of infectious, toxic and allergenic capacities with respect to human populations liable to be exposed and the means of possible exposure. Taking into account these data, a qualitative risk assessment was carried out, according to four exposure scenarios, involving the different populations exposed, and the conditions and routes of exposure. It was concluded that certain health risks can exist for specific categories of professional workers (mainly snowmakers during additive mixing and dilution tank cleaning steps, with risks estimated to be negligible to low if workers comply with safety precautions). P. syringae does not present any pathogenic capacity to humans and that the level of its endotoxins found in artificial snow do not represent a danger beyond that of exposure to P. syringae endotoxins naturally present in snow. However, the risk of possible allergy in some particularly sensitive individuals cannot be excluded. Another important conclusion of this study concerns use of poor microbiological water quality to make artificial snow. 相似文献
64.
65.
Olivier Renoult Jean-Pierre Boilot Frédéric Chaput Renée Papiernik Liliane G. Hubert-Pfalzgraf Martine Lejeune 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(12):3337-3340
The sol–gel method has been developed for the preparation of pure Ba(Mg1/3 Ta2/3 )O3 ceramics. This involves the reaction of the heterometallic alkoxide Ta2 Mg(OEt)12 with hydrated barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 ·8H2 O. Complete crystallization of the sol–gel-derived powder is achieved at 600°C, leading to a cubic perovskite type phase. After sintering at 1400°C (2–5 h), a trigonal cell arises from Mg–Ta ordering (the degree of order is greater than 0.9), and about 98.5% of the theoretical density is obtained. Preliminary microwave dielectric measurements show that the dielectric constant and the unloaded Q u of the ceramics are 24.2 and 6750, respectively, at 7.7 GHz. 相似文献
66.
The first results on a simple new process for the direct fabrication of one-dimensional superlattices using common CVD chambers are presented. The experiments were carried out in a 200?mm industrial Centura reactor (Applied Materials). Low dimensionality and superlattices allow a significant increase in the figure of merit of thermoelectrics by controlling the transport of phonons and electrons. The monocrystalline nanowires produced according to this process are both one-dimensional and present heterostructures, with very thin layers (40?nm) of Si and SiGe. Concentrations up to 30?at.% Ge were obtained in the SiGe parts. Complementary techniques including transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in bright field and high angle annular dark field (HAADF STEM), and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) were used to characterize the nanoheterostructures. 相似文献
67.
Jean-Pierre Birat 《钢铁》2004,39(Z1):25-27
连铸技术是钢铁工业的关键技术,将来钢水仍将通过连铸机凝固,连铸技术有很强的适应性. 相似文献
68.
Jean-Pierre Montheard Bernard Boinon Ahmed Belfkira Abderahim Sadel Quang-Tho Pham 《Polymer Bulletin》1992,28(6):615-620
Summary Vinylidene cyanide has been copolymerized in solution by radical reaction with equal initial mole fraction of para substituted acetoxystyrenes. The copolymers have been characterized by means of DSC, TGA and GPC. These products are stable up to 220° and have no visible glass transition temperature. The microstructure of these new copolymers has been studied by 13CNMR; they have an alternating structure and monomers units are arranged in head-to-tail placements. 相似文献
69.
Computer-aided method for quantification of cartilage thickness and volume changes using MRI: validation study using a synthetic model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kauffmann C Gravel P Godbout B Gravel A Beaudoin G Raynauld JP Martel-Pelletier J Pelletier JP de Guise JA 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2003,50(8):978-988
The primary objective of this study was to develop a computer-aided method for the quantification of three-dimensional (3-D) cartilage changes over time in knees with osteoarthritis (OA). We introduced a local coordinate system (LCS) for the femoral and tibial cartilage boundaries that provides a standardized representation of cartilage geometry, thickness, and volume. The LCS can be registered in different data sets from the same patient so that results can be directly compared. Cartilage boundaries are segmented from 3-D magnetic resonance (MR) slices with a semi-automated method and transformed into offset-maps, defined by the LCS. Volumes and thickness are computed from these offset-maps. Further anatomical labeling allows focal volumes to be evaluated in predefined subregions. The accuracy of the automated behavior of the method was assessed, without any human intervention, using realistic, synthetic 3-D MR images of a human knee. The error in thickness evaluation is lower than 0.12 mm for the tibia and femur. Cartilage volumes in anatomical subregions show a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.11% to 0.32%. This method improves noninvasive 3-D analysis of cartilage thickness and volume and is well suited for in vivo follow-up clinical studies of OA knees. 相似文献
70.
Sandrine Duluard Elodie Delon Jean-Pierre Bonino André Malié Aurélien Joulia Luc Bianchi Philippe Gomez Florence Ansart 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2019,39(4):1451-1462
Reactions between calcium magnesium aluminium silicates (CMAS) and Gd2Zr2O7 or 2ZrO2?Y2O3 (ss) are investigated within a temperature range of 1200–1300 °C and for durations of 1 h–100 h. The evolution of CMAS penetration depth in Gd2Zr2O7 and 2ZrO2?Y2O3 (ss) pellets varies considerably depending on the interaction time. A quantitative analysis of the nature and composition of phases observed in stationary conditions (powder/powder interaction) is performed by SEM-FEG coupled with WDS analyses using micro-agglomerated nanoparticles of Gd2Zr2O7 and 2ZrO2?Y2O3. Faster kinetics of the gadolinium-based system are illustrated through an analysis of the morphology of the reaction area and of the resulting CMAS tightness of reaction products. The compositions and quantities of reaction products observed at equilibrium are very similar for the two systems, but transient states are significantly different. 相似文献