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101.
Jing Wu Delfin Y. Montuno Hussein T. Mouftah Guoqiang Wang Abel C. Dasylva 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2002,15(7):573-592
The health status of the control plane and the data plane of a GMPLS‐controlled optical network is independent in the physically separated control network implementation. In most control plane designs, besides the topology information, the entities of the routing protocol only record the number of available wavelengths on each link. However, the status of each wavelength is maintained by the entities of the signalling protocol. Without recovery ability of the signalling protocol CR‐LDP, a failure in the control plane will result in the permanent loss of the status information of wavelengths. A mechanism to recover the status information of the wavelengths is proposed. A downstream node maintains a label information database (LID) about assignable (free) labels in each incoming link. A copy of LID is redundantly stored in the upstream node as a label information mirror (LIM). A systematic procedure is proposed to synchronize the contents of a LIM and the corresponding LID. The initialization of a new LDP session with the enhanced recovery mechanism will guarantee the revival of the status information of wavelengths. It can recover multiple control channel failures, but it only applies to single node failure among any pair of adjacent nodes. © Crown copyright 2002. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
103.
Awad R. Mansour A.M. Hussein 《International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer》1990,17(6):823-830
An analytical solution for diffusion with homogenous n the order nonlinear chemical reaction in laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through tubular reactor with unknown boundary conditions is presented. The results of the new solution have been compared with previously published numerical solutions and shown to be accurate. 相似文献
104.
Mohd Zobir bin Hussein Asmah Hj Yahaya Zulkarnain Zainal Loo Hee Kian 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2005,6(8):956-962
Controlled release formulation of an herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (24D) was developed by the virtue of the formation of organic–inorganic nanohybrid material and its ion exchange property. The inorganic Zn–Al layered double hydroxide (ZAL) was used as a matrix, hosting an active agent or a guest, 24D by self-assembly technique. The resulting material (ZAD) was subsequently used to study the release property of 24D into aqueous solutions containing chloride, carbonate as well as distilled water. The release of the guest 24D was found to be rapid initially followed by a more sustained release thereafter and this behavior was dependent on the type of anions and their concentrations in the release medium, the aqueous solution. The mechanism of release has been interpreted on the basis of the ion exchange process between the 24D anion intercalated into the interlamellae host and carbonate or chloride and/or hydroxyl anions in the aqueous solution. 相似文献
105.
This paper summarizes comprehensive experimental studies on scaled models of squat bridge columns repaired and retrofitted with advanced composite-material jackets. In the experimental program, a total of 14 half-scale squat circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns were tested under fully reversed cyclic shear in a double bending configuration. In order to provide a basis for comparison, a total of three as-built columns were tested. Another 10 column samples were tested after being retrofitted with different composite jacket systems. One circular as-built column was repaired after failure. The repair process involved both crack injection as well as addition of carbon/epoxy composite jacket. The repaired column was then retested and evaluated. Experimental results showed that all as-built columns developed an unstable behavior and failed in brittle shear mode. The common failure mode for all retrofitted samples was due to flexure with significant improvement in the column ductility. The repaired column demonstrated ductility enhancement over the as-built sample. 相似文献
106.
107.
Farahnaz Barahuie Mohd Zobir Hussein Sharida Fakurazi Zulkarnain Zainal 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(5):7750-7786
Layered hydroxides (LHs) have recently fascinated researchers due to their wide application in various fields. These inorganic nanoparticles, with excellent features as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, have the potential to play an important role in healthcare. Owing to their outstanding ion-exchange capacity, many organic pharmaceutical drugs have been intercalated into the interlayer galleries of LHs and, consequently, novel nanodrugs or smart drugs may revolutionize in the treatment of diseases. Layered hydroxides, as green nanoreservoirs with sustained drug release and cell targeting properties hold great promise of improving health and prolonging life. 相似文献
108.
Sahar A. El-Naggar Hussein A. Elsayed Arafa H. Aly 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2014,27(7):1615-1621
In this paper, we investigate the properties of photonic band structures in two-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals (2D-SCPCs) using the frequency dependent plane wave expansion method. We consider two types of 2D-SCPCs, which are composed of superconductor (dielectric) rods embedded into a dielectric (superconductor) background, named type I (type II) SCPCs. We target maximization of the gap-to-mid-gap ratio by varying many parameters, namely, shape of the rods, the operating temperature, the permittivity of the dielectric material, and the threshold frequency of the superconductor. We show that the type II SCPCs have a higher gap-to-mid-gap ratio than the type I SCPCs. In addition, the PBGs can be tuned efficiently by the operating temperature. Moreover, the photonic band structures can be tailored by changing the dielectric constant of the background (rods) in the type I (type II) SCPCs. 相似文献
109.
Philipp Gutruf Eike Zeller Sumeet Walia Hussein Nili Sharath Sriram Madhu Bhaskaran 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,11(35):4532-4539
The concept of realizing electronic applications on elastically stretchable “skins” that conform to irregularly shaped surfaces is revolutionizing fundamental research into mechanics and materials that can enable high performance stretchable devices. The ability to operate electronic devices under various mechanically stressed states can provide a set of unique functionalities that are beyond the capabilities of conventional rigid electronics. Here, a distinctive microtectonic effect enabled oxygen‐deficient, nanopatterned zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on an elastomeric substrate are introduced to realize large area, stretchable, transparent, and ultraportable sensors. The unique surface structures are exploited to create stretchable gas and ultraviolet light sensors, where the functional oxide itself is stretchable, both of which outperform their rigid counterparts under room temperature conditions. Nanoscale ZnO features are embedded in an elastomeric matrix function as tunable diffraction gratings, capable of sensing displacements with nanometre accuracy. These devices and the microtectonic oxide thin film approach show promise in enabling functional, transparent, and wearable electronics. 相似文献
110.
Zulkarnain Zainal Mohd Zobir Hussein Arniza Ghazali 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,40(4):347-357
SnS thin films were prepared by cathodic electrodeposition on ITO/glass and Ti substrates from a solution containing SnCl2 and thiosulphate ions. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed to elucidate the electrodic processes occurred when potentials were applied and to determine the optimum potential for electrodeposition. The photoactivity of the deposited films and their conduction types were evaluated using the photoelectrochemical technique. The bandgap energy and type of optical transitions were determined from optical absorbance data. Structural and compositional analysis were accomplished using X-ray diffractometry, electron dispersive analysis of X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology of the films were examined using scanning electron microscopy. 相似文献