The effect of coolant loss on current leads for superconducting magnets

In this paper, we have examined the recovery of current leads for superconducting magnets after loss of coolant. It is found that if a lead is without cooling for longer than a time τ_max, thermal runaway can be prevented by an increase in cooling or a decrease in current through the lead. It is evident that designing a lead away from its optimal values can make the lead significantly less susceptible to problems of thermal runaway.     

Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Cephalexin-Dextrose and Cephalexin-Aspartame Mixtures

The possible interaction of cephalexin with anhydrous dextrose and with aspartame, in the solid state, was investigaged by comparing the thermal behavior of physical mixtures of the respective original components in different molar ratios, using differential scanning calorimetry. Both anhydrous dextrose and aspartame were found to form complexes with cephalexin. The stoichiometries of these complexes were found to be 1:1 molar complexes between cephalexin and anhydrous dextrose and 4:1 and 1:1 molar complexes between cephalexin and aspartame. Complexed cephalexin was found to decompose at markedly lower temperatures than uncomplexed cephalexin.     

Influence of nonequilibrium second-phase particles formed during solidification upon the mechanical behavior of an aluminum alloy

The mechanical behavior of a wrought high strength aluminum alloy is examined as a function of the concentration of second-phase microconstituents. These second-phase particles are located in grain boundaries and interdendritic sites. Their concentration was varied by thermal-mechanical processing. In the areas of strengths, ductility, crack toughness, fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking, empirical results are presented and discussed. Observations are made on changes in the anisotropic character of this category of material with lower concentrations of second phases. Formerly Research Advisor, Frankford Arsenal. This paper is based on an invited talk presented at a symposium on Homogenization of Alloys, sponsored by the IMD Heat Treatment Committee, and held on May 11,1970, at the spring meeting of The Metallurgical Society of AIME, in Las Vegas, Nev.     

The kinetics of the gaseous extraction of gallium from mica

The gaseous reduction of gallium in white mica has been studied using natural gas as the reducing gas. From a study at three temperatures, the initial extraction was observed to be linear with time and independent of particle size. The results suggest that delamination of the mica lattice is important. The measured activation energy for the loss of gallium from the white mica is 184 × 21 kJ mol^?1.     

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAP kinase) immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey brain

Phosphorylation of both tyrosine and serine residues of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was stimulated by the adhesion of BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells to fibronectin, but phosphorylation of threonine was not detectable. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors also stimulated the phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine of FAK in cells adhered to poly-L-lysine, but epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor did not. A fusion protein of fibronectin and basic fibroblast growth factor effectively induced the phosphorylation of FAK. Phosphorylation of FAK in the rat myoblast L-6 cell line, which lacks fibroblast growth factor receptors, was not stimulated by fibroblast growth factors, suggesting that the interaction of fibroblast growth factors with their receptors might cause the phosphorylation of FAK.     

Stimulated Raman scattering of XeF* laser radiation in H2--Part II

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) experiments in hydrogen have been performed with a collimated beam from ane-beam pumped XeF laser operating at 353 nm. An unstable resonator provided good beam quality at energies of about 1.2 J and pulse lengths of about 320 ns. A folded-path Raman cell allowed cell lengths to be continuously varied up to 11 m at a hydrogen pressure of 10 atm. Energy conversion efficiencies of >45 percent to first Stokes (S1) at 414 nm and >40 percent to second Stokes (S2) at 500 nm were observed with no indication of significant four-wave processes.     

Site-specific de-N-glycosylation of CD44 can activate hyaluronan binding, and CD44 activation states show distinct threshold densities for hyaluronan binding

CD44 is a cell surface receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA). Not all CD44-positive cells bind HA, and binding ability is strictly regulated. Three different HA binding states have been defined: inactive, inducible (by certain CD44-specific monoclonal antibodies), and constitutively active. The observation that sets of genetically related cell lines representing different HA binding states showed correlated differences in N-glycosylation of CD44, and that inhibition of N-glycosylation enhanced HA binding (Lesley et al., J. Exp. Med., 182: 431-437, 1995) led us to examine directly whether specific N-glycosylation site modifications were involved in regulating the HA binding function. CD44-negative, -active, and inducible cell lines were stably transfected with mutant constructs in which each of the five N-glycosylation sites of murine CD44 had been separately inactivated. Ability to bind soluble HA was examined over a range of CD44 expression levels. For the active cell line, AKR1, transfectants for all N-glycosylation mutants bound HA as well as did transfectants for wild type CD44. No inhibitory effects of inactivating specific N-glycosylation sites were observed. HA binding was activated when two of the mutant constructs were transfected into a novel CD44-negative inducible cell line. Inactivation of N-glycosylation sites at residues 25 or 120 converted the inducible cell line to constitutively active, whereas inactivation of other sites had little or no effect. Fusion proteins secreted from inactive, inducible, or active cell lines were purified, bound to beads, and assayed for HA binding activity by flow cytometric analysis. Fusion proteins derived from inactive, inducible, and constitutively active cells exhibited three distinguishable "threshold" densities required for HA binding ability. The results imply that the CD44 molecules produced in cells in these three activation states have intrinsic differences in HA binding function. Treatment of the fusion proteins with neuraminidase altered the HA binding state, and glycosylation mutations that affected the phenotype of the inducible cell line lowered the threshold required for HA binding of CD44-immunoglobulin fusion proteins derived from the inducible cell line. Thus, alterations of glycosylation of CD44 itself can affect HA binding ability as manifested by a change in HA binding state.     

Utility of multivariate analysis in modeling the effects of raw material properties and operating parameters on granule and ribbon properties prepared in roller compaction

This article aimed to model the effects of raw material properties and roller compactor operating parameters (OPs) on the properties of roller compacted ribbons and granules with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) projection. A database of raw material properties was established through extensive physical and mechanical characterization of several microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose grades and their blends. A design of experiment (DoE) was used for ribbon production. PLS models constructed with only OP-modeled roller compaction (RC) responded poorly. Inclusion of raw material properties markedly improved the goodness of fit (R(2) = .897) and model predictability (Q(2) = 0.72).