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81.
The row‐nucleated lamellar crystalline structure of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) films was prepared by applying elongation stress to HDPE melt during T‐die cast film extrusion and subsequently annealing the extruded films. This unusual crystalline structure was analyzed in terms of lamellar crystalline orientation, long‐period lamellar spacing, crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity. The contribution of melt‐extension represented by draw‐down‐ratio (DDR) to the overall orientation was found to be most noticeable than other processing variables. Meanwhile, the long‐period lamellar spacing, the crystallite size, and the degree of crystallinity were influenced predominantly by the annealing temperature. Finally, the processing (melt extension and annealing temperature) – structure (lamellar crystalline structure) – property (hard elasticity) relationship of HDPE films was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3326–3333, 2007 相似文献
82.
The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from simulated gas was carried out in a batch type fluidized-bed reactor using natural manganese ore (NMO), which consists
of several metal oxides (MnOx: 51.85%, FeOy: 3.86%, CaO: 0.11%). The H2S breakthrough curves were obtained by changing temperature, gas velocity, initial H2S concentration, and aspect ratio. Moreover, the effects of the particle size and the particle-mixing fraction on H2S removal were investigated in a binary system of different particle size. From this study, H2S removal efficiency increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing excess gas velocity. The breakthrough
time for H2S decreased as the gas velocity increased, which leads to reducing gas-solid contacting due to gas bypassing in a fluidized
bed reactor. Improvement of H2S removal efficiency in continuous process can be expected from the results of the binary particle system with different size
in a batch experiment. The NMO could be considered as a potential sorbent in H2S removal. 相似文献
83.
Native corn starch‐ and hydroxypropylated starch (HPS‐) based plastic films were prepared using the short pulp fiber as the reinforcement and the glycerol as the plasticizer. The results of tensile test showed that the strain and stress at break and elastic modulus increased with pulp content. With glycerol content, the strain at break increased considerably, but the breaking stress and elastic modulus decreased. And the stress–strain curves showed that the brittleness problem of films was overcome by the pulp, glycerol, and water content. The hydroxypropyl starch films showed results similar to those of the native starch films. The results of the three‐point bending test showed that maximum deflection, flexural strength, and specific work increased with pulp content, but the flexural modulus was the highest at a pulp content of 20%. And with the glycerol content, the maximum deflection and specific work of rupture increased, but the bending elastic modulus decreased. The hydroxypropyl starch films showed results similar to those of native starch films as far as the maximum deflection and flexural strength were concerned, but the bending elastic modulus and specific work of the hydroxypropyl starch films were considerably lower than those of starch films. So it was concluded that the flexibility of films was improved by the hydroxypropylation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2108–2117, 2003 相似文献
84.
Byoung Chul Kim Hyun Woog Kang Young Han Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2006,23(5):789-794
A crystallization monitoring system using a quartz crystal oscillator was utilized to predict different shapes of crystal
formation by measuring crystal growth rate and to measure supersaturation. Applying different rates of cooling, crystal formation
of different shapes was induced, and the frequency variation of the oscillator and the crystal shape observed with an SEM
were compared to determine how the frequency variation can be interpreted for the prediction of produced crystal shape. The
experimental results obtained from the crystallization of potassium nitrate and cupric sulfate solutions showed that the proposed
frequency measurement technique could be applied in the prediction of crystal shape of cooling crystallization processes.
In addition, supersaturation was determined from the measurements of solution and coolant temperatures. 相似文献
85.
The key to the success of flip‐chip technology lies in the availability of sucessful underfill materials. However, the reliability of flip‐chip technology using current underfill materials is generally found to be lower than that of conventional wire‐bond connection packaging materials such as epoxy molding compound (EMC) because of the high coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and moisture absorption of cured underfill material. In this study desbimide (DBMI), which has a low melting point (about 80°C), was used in the underfill materials as a cohardener. As a result, DBMI‐added underfill can show excellent thermal reliability, which is due to the superior properties of the CTE, the elastic modulus, and water resistance. When the properties of a 2 wt % DBMI‐added underfill were compared with those of a typical underfill (epoxy/anhydride), the CTE value was reduced to less than one‐half at the solder reflow temperature (about 200°C), the elastic modulus was reduced to less than one‐half in the temperature region below the glass‐transition temperature, and the water resistance was improved twofold. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2617–2624, 2002 相似文献
86.
An increase in the depolymerization of chitosan was found with an increased concentration of sodium perborate. Acetic anhydride was added to reacetylated chitosan in a molar ratio per gulcosamine unit, and the amide I band of IR spectra changed with the addition of acetic anhydride. Sixteen chitosans with various molecular weights (MWs) and degrees of deacetylation (DODs) were prepared. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated their amorphous and partially crystalline states. Increases in the chitosan MW and DOD increased the tensile strength (TS). TS of the chitosan films ranged from 22 to 61 MPa. However, the elongation (E) of chitosan films did not show any difference with MW. TS of chitosan films decreased with the reacetylation process. However, E of chitosan films was not dependent on DOD. The water vapor permeabilities (WVPs) of the chitosan films without a plasticizer were between 0.155 and 0.214 ng m/m2 s Pa. As the chitosan MW increased, the chitosan film WVP increased, but the values were not significantly different. Moreover, the WVP values were not different from low DOD to high DOD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3476–3484, 2003 相似文献
87.
Hoo Kun Lee Kwan Sik Chun Hyun Soo Park Jong Hyun Cho 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1989,6(4):294-299
A mathematical model for an absorption of nitrogen oxides into water in packed column was developed based on the mass-transfer
coefficient in packed column and the chemical reaction accompanying NO
x
absorption produces HNO3 and HNO2 in the liquid phase. The subsequent dissociation of HNO2 in the liquid-phase results in the formation of HNO3 and NO gas, and then this NO gas follows to be oxidized by O2 in air. The important factors influenced on the absorption of NO
x
are the oxidation state of NO gas and the partial pressure of nitrogen oxides in the gas. The efficiency of NO
x
absorption increases with the increase of the partial pressure of NO
x
. The most critical value for using the model is the constant of
.The selection of 11×10−4kg·mol/atm·m2·sec for
resonable for this model. 相似文献
88.
Kwang‐Jea Kim Sangmin Kwon Hyun Kim Patit P. Kundu Yong‐Wook Kim Yong‐Keun Lee Kyu Jong Lee Byung H. Lee Soonja Choe 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,87(2):311-321
The mixing cycle‐dependent degree of dispersion and degree of mixing of a calcite (calcium carbonate) agglomerate in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrices upon stretching was investigated using three different techniques: mechanical property, morphological behavior, and image analyzer analyses. The mechanical properties analyzed in terms of the tensile strength and maximum elongation resulted in that the second mixing was the best for giving a better property for all systems except the LDPE system, which exhibited no significant difference between the second and third mixings. The morphological behavior of the three compounds were different, but no distinctive difference was observed to differentiate the degree of mixing from system to system. The number‐, weight‐, and z + 1‐average diameters of the air hole and the aspect ratio upon the stretching and mixing cycle were calculated to analyze the degree of mixing of the calcite‐filled composites. As a consequence, no difference in the average diameter of the air hole was obtained among the three systems, but the aspect ratios of the air hole varied significantly. Thus, the degree of dispersion and the degree of mixing may be influenced by the average calcite agglomerate size, the average diameter of the air hole, and the aspect ratio upon stretching and mixing cycles. Those factors would be formed by the difference in chemical characteristics upon various microstructures of polyethylene and its molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 311–321, 2003 相似文献
89.
Michael Gelfer Carlos Avila‐orta Lizhi Liu Ling Yang Benjamin Chu Benjamin S. Hsiao Hyun H. Song Mayu Si Miriam Rafailovich Andy H. Tsou 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2002,42(9):1841-1851
A series of nanocomposites prepared by melt‐blending of cloisite‐based organoclays with poly(ethylene‐vinylacetate) (EVA) and neutralized poly (ethylene‐methacrylic acid) (EMA) copolymers were investigated via DSC, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological techniques. SAXS results indicated partial clay exfoliation in all samples. In both EMA and EVA systems, the nominal melting temperature Tm and bulk crystallinity are not significantly affected by the presence of organoclays, suggesting that clay particles are predominantly confined in the amorphous phase. In rheological measurements (above Tm), the EVA‐clay system demonstrated a solid‐like rheological behavior under the small‐strain oscillatory shear, yet it was able to yield and flow under a steady shear, which is the characteristic of physical crosslinking. In contrast, the EMA‐clay system exhibited a melt‐like rheological behavior, where the influence of organoclay on the thermorheological behavior of the EMA composite was quite minimal. We propose that the carbonyl groups of vinylacetate in EVA interact with the clay surface, resulting in a strong physically crosslinking like interaction in the melt. On the other hand, the interaction between EMA and clay is weak because of repulsion between carboxyl anions and negatively charged clay surface. 相似文献
90.
Radiation‐induced simultaneous grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films and the subsequent sulfonation in the chlorosulfonic acid/dichloroethane were investigated. The effects of the main radiation grafting conditions, such as the type of solvents, irradiation dose, dose rate, the styrene concentrations, etc., on the degree of grafting (DOG) were studied. To elucidate the influence of both the grafting and sulfonation conditions on the properties of the PTFE‐g‐polystyrene‐sulfonic acid (PSSA) membranes, the sulfonation conditions, including the sulfonation temperature and the concentration of the ClSO3H with respect to the DOG, were systematically evaluated. The grafted and sulfonated membranes were characterized by FTIR–ATR spectra, ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, thickness measurement, etc. The as‐prepared PTFE‐g‐PSSA membranes in this work showed a good combination of a high IEC (0.85–2.75 meq g?1), acceptable water uptake (8.86–56.9 wt %), low thickness, and volume expansion and/or contraction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1415–1428, 2006 相似文献