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排序方式: 共有3171条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
ZnO/Si solar cell fabricated by spray pyrolysis technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ZnO/Si heterojunctions have been prepared by depositing n-ZnO films doped with aluminium on p-Si by spray pyrolysis method.
Heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using the configuration Al/ZnO/Si/In. The electrical properties of the heterojunction
are investigated by means of current–voltage measurements in the temperature range 295–375 K. The cells show the rectifying
behaviour characterized by the current–voltage (I–V) measurement under a dark condition, while photoelectric effects have
been exhibited under the illumination. As a result, the conversion efficiency of the fabricated cell of about 6.6% was obtained. 相似文献
52.
Hoh Huey Jiun Ibrahim Ahmad Azman Jalar Ghazali Omar 《Microelectronics Reliability》2006,46(5-6):836-845
This paper characterizes die damage resulting from various wafer thinning processes. Die fracture strength is measured using ball breaker test with respect to die surface finish. Further study on surface roughness and topography of each surface finish is obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Stress relief process with 25 μm removal is able to strengthen 100 μm wafer by 20.4% using chemical wet etch and 75 μm wafer by 36.4% with plasma etch. Relatively, plasma etching shows higher fracture strength and flexibility compared to chemical wet etch. This is due to topography of the finished surface of plasma etch is smoother and rounded, leading to a reduced stress concentration, hence improved fracture strength. 相似文献
53.
Optimization of composite plates with piezoelectric stiffener-actuators under in-plane compressive loads 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sarp Adali Ibrahim S. Sadek John C. Bruch Jr. James M. Sloss 《Composite Structures》2005,71(3-4):293-301
Stiffeners which are used to strengthen a plate can be constructed of piezoceramic materials and subsequently used as piezo actuators to improve the load carrying capacity of the plate. In the present study, a fibre composite plate with initial imperfections and under in-plane compressive loads is studied with a view towards minimizing its deflection using the piezo actuators and the fibre orientations. Piezoceramic stiffeners are bonded symmetrically on the top and bottom of the plate and deployed as actuators. Two cases of electric fields, namely, the in-phase and out-of-phase voltages are applied to the actuators. The presence of initial deflections leads to deformation under the in-plane compressive loads which should be less than the critical buckling load. Two cases of initial imperfections are considered, and the first one is the deterministic initial deflections which are known a priori and as such they are given as input parameters for the problem. In the second case the initial deflections are uncertain and they have to be obtained according to a given criterion. In the present study they are determined to produce the least favourable initial deflection (largest deflection) at a given point and the solution is obtained by convex modelling. The effect of the actuators, the ply angles and the voltage are studied and their effects on the transverse deflection are investigated. A performance index involving the L2 norm of the deflections is minimized using the piezo effect and as well as the ply angles the optimal values of which are determined for various problem parameters. 相似文献
54.
E. Subramanian G. Anitha M. Karthik Selvam M. Ibrahim Ali Badusha 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2005,28(1):55-61
An investigation on the effect ofβ-cyclodextrin (CD) in both free and inclusion-complexed forms with a guest anionic metal complex, dioxalatodiaquochromate(III)
(DDC), on the characteristics of conducting polyaniline (PANI) is carried out. Four materials, PANI (i.e. PANI-SO
4
2−
), PANI-DDC, PANI-CD and PANI-CD + DDC were prepared byin situ
chemical oxidative polymerization in aqueous H
2SO4 at pH 1 and subjected to electrical conductivity and spectral (IR and UV-vis bd measurements. DDC and CD when separately incorporated, reduce the conductivity of PANI by about half whilst their inclusion
complex CD + DDC enhances it. Spectral characterization reveals that DDC as a dopant and CD as an encapsule exhibit their
effects through adverse interaction with imine-amine N centres and benzenoid moiety of PANI. The inclusion complex CD + DDC,
on the contrary, functions as a dopant by lying in between the chains and seems to promote the extended conformation of PANI
chain and hence theπ
-electron delocalization. Exposure of the material to methanol vapour causes a decrease in conductivity in PANI and PANI-CD while an increase in PANI-CD
+ DDC. This study makes explicit the distinct role of CD as an encapsule and CD + DDC inclusion complex as a dopant in altering
the electrical property of PANI. 相似文献
55.
Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Space-Filling Curves 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
56.
57.
An approximate formulation is presented for the analysis of sandwich plates consisting of an orthotropic core and two unequal thickness anisotropic face plates. The method uncouples the membrane and bending actions, thereby significantly reducing the effort involved in accurately predicting displacements and stresses. Defining modified stiffnesses, the formulation is valid for relatively thick anisotropic laminated face plates and can be combined with a variety of analysis techniques. Using a series solution, results are generated herein for simply supported sandwich plates with unbalanced cross-ply and angle-ply faces. 相似文献
58.
Tuning PI controllers for stable processes with specifications on gain and phase margins 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kaya I 《ISA transactions》2004,43(2):297-304
In industrial practice, controller designs are performed based on an approximate model of the actual process. It is essential to design a control system which will exhibit a robust performance because the physical systems can vary with operating conditions and time. Gain and phase margins are well known parameters for evaluating the robustness of a control system. This paper presents a tuning algorithm to design and tune PI controllers for stable processes with a small dead time while meeting specified gain and phase margins. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed design method can result, in a closed-loop system, in better performances than existing design methods which are also based on user-specified gain and phase margins. 相似文献
59.
Quality evaluation model using loss function for multiple S-type quality characteristics 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
W.M. Chan R.N. Ibrahim P.B. Lochert 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2005,26(1-2):98-101
Most of the studies of quality system or product-quality assessment deal with a single quality characteristic to determine the quality loss. Products are often assessed on more than one quality characteristic. For this reason, different multivariate quality loss functions have been proposed. However, these loss functions only consider the nominal-the-best quality characteristics (N-type); they do not consider the condition when the quality characteristics are of the smaller-the-better (S-type). In this article, we present a quality evaluation model using loss function for multiple S-type quality characteristics. A numerical example is illustrated showing that using inappropriate loss functions will lead to inaccurate results that give either an underestimate or overestimate of the expected quality costs. 相似文献
60.
Khaled?ElbassioniEmail author Amr?Elmasry Ibrahim?Kamel 《Distributed and Parallel Databases》2005,17(3):215-249
We consider the problem of indexing a set of objects moving in d-dimensional spaces along linear trajectories. A simple external-memory indexing scheme is proposed to efficiently answer
general range queries. The following are examples of the queries that can be answered by the proposed method: report all moving
objects that will (i) pass between two given points within a specified time interval; (ii) become within a given distance
from some or all of a given set of other moving objects. Our scheme is based on mapping the objects to a dual space, where
queries about moving objects are transformed into polyhedral queries concerning their speeds and initial locations. We then
present a simple method for answering such polyhedral queries, based on partitioning the space into disjoint regions and using
a B+-tree to index the points in each region. By appropriately selecting the boundaries of each region, we guarantee an average
search time that matches a known lower bound for the problem. Specifically, for a fixed d, if the coordinates of a given set of N points are statistically independent, the proposed technique answers polyhedral queries, on the average, in O((N/B)1−1/d⋅(log B N)1/d+K/B) I/O's using O(N/B) space, where B is the block size, and K is the number of reported points. Our approach is novel in that, while it provides a theoretical upper bound on the average
query time, it avoids the use of complicated data structures, making it an effective candidate for practical applications.
The proposed index is also dynamic in the sense that it allows object insertion and deletion in an amortized update cost of
log B(N) I/O's. Experimental results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed index over other methods based on R-trees.
recommend Ahmed Elmagarmid 相似文献