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51.
To reveal the effect of the nigrosine dye, that the addition of the dye lowers the crystallization point (Tc) of molten polyamide resins with substantially no shift in the melting point (Tm), thus suppressing the crystallization enhancement of the crystalline nucleation agents, the characteristics of polyamide 66 (PA‐66) containing nigrosine dye EX (N‐EX) were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the addition of N‐EX reduced the crystallization rate and Tc of molten PA‐66 with substantially no shift in Tm, and the crystallization enthalpy per unit of weight of PA‐66 was substantially constant. Tc of molten PA‐66 was lowered with an increase in the amount of N‐EX and reached its maximum at 13 wt % N‐EX. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass‐transition temperature and the secondary glass‐transition temperature increased with an increasing amount of the dye. On the other hand, the DSC and X‐ray diffraction results indicated that no dye molecule was present in the crystal structure of PA‐66. This effect of the nigrosine dye on PA‐66 is in contrast to those of crystalline nucleation agents, plasticizers, and antiplasticizers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3270–3274, 2006 相似文献
52.
Chengzhi Hu Masahiro Nakajima Tao Yue Masaru Takeuchi Minoru Seki Qiang Huang Toshio Fukuda 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2014,17(3):457-468
Alginate hydrogel has widespread applications in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound management and drug/cell/growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, hydrated environment and desirable viscoelastic properties. However, the lack of controllability is still an obstacle for utilizing it in the fabrication of 3D tissue constructs and accurate targeting in mass delivery. Here, we proposed a new method for achieving magnetic alginate hydrogel microfibers by dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in alginate solution and solidifying the magnetic alginate into hydrogel fiber inside microfluidic devices. The microfluidic devices have multilayered pneumatic microvalves with hemicylindrical channels to fully stop the fluids. In the experiments, the magnetic nanoparticles and the alginate solution were mixed and formed a uniform suspension. No aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles was found, which is crucial for flow control inside microfluidic devices. By regulating the flow rates of different solutions with the microvalves inside the microfluidic device, magnetic hydrogel fibers and nonmagnetic hydrogel fibers were fabricated with controlled sizes. The proposed method for fabricating magnetic hydrogel fiber holds great potential for engineering 3D tissue constructs with complex architectures and active drug release. 相似文献
53.
Ichiro Kudo Toshiyuki Kato Hidetoshi Hayashi Ryohei Yanoshita Koichi Ikizawa Hiroko Uda Keizo Inoue 《Lipids》1991,26(12):1065-1070
We have previously reported that platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces proliferation and microbicidal activity of guinea
pig bone marrow cells. In the present study, we have found that the conditioned medium of PAF- or nonmetabolizable PAF agonist-treated
guinea pig bone marrow cells augmented DNA synthesis and induced microbicial activity of bone marrow cells. A PAF specific
antagonist, CV-6209, inhibited generation of the active conditioned medium by PAF. Addition of the PAF antagonist only partially
suppressed the augmentative effect of the active conditioned medium on DNA synthesis; this is consistent with the fact that,
because of the rapid breakdown, no appreciable amount of PAF remained in the conditioned medium of PAF-treated cells. Although
mouse bone marrow cells did not respond to PAF unlike guinea pig cells, their DNA synthesis was significantly enhanced by
the conditioned medium of PAF-treated guinea pig bone marrow cells. Thus, some newly generated factor(s) distinct from the
originally inoculated PAF seemed to modulate the bioactions of PAF on bone marrow cells. An appreciable amount of PAF was
produced by calcium ionophore-treated guinea pig bone marrow cells. These findings indicate that PAF synthesized in guinea
pig bone marrow cells induces generation in the cells of some factor(s) which affects proliferation or microbicidal activity.
Presented at The Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Ether Lipids, Tokyo,
Japan, May 1989. 相似文献
54.
Ti-oxides incorporated within the framework of microporous zeolites and mesoporous molecular sieves were found to exhibit
high and unique photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 as well as the reduction of CO2 with H2O to produce CH4 and CH3OH. Spectroscopic investigations of these catalytic systems using photoluminescence, UV-vis, XAFS (XANES and FT-EXAFS) and
IR analyses revealed that the charge transfer excited state of the isolated tetra-coordinated Ti-oxides plays a vital role
in these photocatalytic reactions. The reactivity of such Ti-oxides was found to depend strongly on their local structures
which were controlled by the unique framework structures of the micro- and mesoporous material supports. 相似文献
55.
Poly(ethylene phthalate) (PEP) and poly(ethylene phthalate–co‐ethylene terephthalate) were used to improve the brittleness of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (Celoxide 2021?), cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. The aromatic polyesters used were soluble in the epoxy resin without solvents and effective as modifiers for toughening the cured epoxy resin. For example, the inclusion of 20 wt % PEP (MW, 7400) led to a 130% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) of the cured resin with no loss of mechanical and thermal properties. The toughening mechanism is discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviors of the modified epoxy resin system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 388–399, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10363 相似文献
56.
Komeiji Yuto; Uebayasi Masami; Someya Jun-ichiro; Yamato Ichiro 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1992,5(8):759-767
The Ser88Cys mutant of the trp-repressor showed a lower affinityfor the corepressor than the wild-type repressor [G = 1.7 ±0.3 kcal/mol, Chou and Matthews (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264,1831418319].A molecular dynamics/free energy cycle perturbation study wasperformed to understand the origin of the decreased affinity.A value (G = 1.58 ± 0.28 kcal/mol) comparable with theexperimental value was obtained by the simulation. Free energycomponent analysis revealed that destabilization of the vander Waals interaction between Ser88 and Trp109 (corepressor)mainly contributed to the decreased affinity of the mutant.The rotational transition of the hydroxyl (sulfhydryl) groupof Ser88 (Cys88) during the simulations affected the contributionsof Arg84 and water to the free energy change in the aporepressorand those of Arg84 and Trp 109 to that in the holorepressor.However, the contributions from different residues compensatedeach other, and the total free energy changes were almost invariablein the various simulations. 相似文献
57.
Viscoelastic properties of poly(isoprene-b-styrene) in dioctylphthalate under steady shear flow were measured near the order—disorder transition temperature. In ordered states, first normal stress difference N1 is proportional to shear rate
at low
region, but becomes proportional to
at the high
region, similar to the N1 behaviour of polymer blends undergoing shear-induced homogenization. Because the existence of microdomains was confirmed at the high
region by the flow birefringence method, it is concluded that the above N1 behaviour is not caused by shear-induced homogenization, but is probably caused by the shear-induced alignment of the microdomain structure. 相似文献
58.
The configurational sequences of 1,2-unit in a series of hydrogenated syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadienes were determined in relation to the sequence distribution of 1,2- and 1,4-units on the basis of the 13C-n.m.r. signal assignment of the methyl carbons. The observed triad distributions of 1,2- and 1,4-units and configurational distributions of the 1,2-unit are in good agreement with the calculated distributions from transition probabilities. The number average sequence lengths of the 1,2-unit and the 1,2-unit in the racemic addition are 5.7 to 8.0 and 4.1 to 5.4, respectively. From the extrapolation of the plot of the number average sequence length against the crystallinity of the starting 1,2-polybutadienes, the minimum sequence length for crystallization is estimated to be 3.7 for the 1,2-unit in the racemic addition. 相似文献
59.
Gopal P. Khanal Ichiro Fujii Shintaro Ueno Satoshi Wada 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(9):4649-4658
The <110>-oriented BaTiO3 ceramics were fabricated using BaCO3 matrix and H1.08Ti1.73O4.nH2O (HTO) template particles, and the mechanism of BaTiO3 phase formation was investigated. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were also investigated. The transformation of the HTO phase into the TiO2 bronze or TiO2 (B) phase was observed at 600°C, where the BaTiO3 nucleation was accompanied by the formation of a Ba2TiO4 phase. The TiO2 phase reacted with the Ba2TiO4 phase at 800°C to give a BaTiO3 phase, whereas its reaction with the BaTiO3 resulted in the formation of BaTi2O5 phase that got decomposed into BaTiO3 and Ba6Ti17O40 phase at sintering temperature ≥1300°C. Sintering with samples’ embedding in BaTiO3 powders prevented the formation of the Ba6Ti17O40 secondary phase. The crystallographic orientation along the <110> direction (F110) was developed by the epitaxial grain growth mechanism. In addition to the contribution of the grain-size increment for enhancing the F110, the preservation of the platelike structure was also found to have a significant impact. The ceramics prepared by the embedded sintering (grain size ≈12.4 µm and F110 = 83%) exhibited the room-temperature dielectric constant of 1708 and piezoelectric strain constant of 445 pm/V, which are higher than those of the BaTiO3 ceramics with randomly oriented grains. 相似文献
60.
The application of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the continuous casting process started with the electromagnetic stirring of the stand pool with a traveling magnetic field. It has now advanced to the electromagnetic stirring of molten steel in the mold and the control of molten steel flow by an in-mold direct current magnetic field brake. These applied MHD techniques are designed to further improve the continuous casting process capability. They improve the surface quality of cast steel by homogenizing the meniscus temperature, stabilizing initial solidification, and cleaning the surface layer. They also improve the internal quality of cast steel by preventing inclusions from penetrating deep into the pool and promoting the flotation of argon bubbles. Applied MHD technology is still advancing in scope and methods in addition to the improvement of conventional continuously cast slab qualities. The continuous casting of bimetallic slab by suppressing mixing in the pool is one example of this progress. 相似文献