Fish-scale-like nano-porous membrane based on zeolite nanosheets for long stable zinc-based flow battery

Zinc-based flow batteries receive widespread attention due to their advantages of low cost and high energy density. However, zinc dendrites are easy to appear during the charge process, pierce the membrane and thus destroy the battery, which seriously restrict its further development. In this article, MFI-type zeolite nanosheets (ns-MFIs) with high mechanical strength and hydrophobicity are in situ introduced to porous polymer membranes, which spontaneously form turnup fish-scale-like structure through the one-step phase inversion/surface segregation process. This special structure well disperses mechanical energy to provide effective protection characteristics to resist the penetration of zinc dendrites, and meanwhile promotes the uniform zinc depositions on the electrode by alleviating the water migration and accelerating zincate ion diffusion, so as to prolong the cycle life of the battery for more than 600 cycles, which is 4 times and 2.5 times longer than the commercial Nafion 212 and pristine porous polymer membrane, respectively. Moreover, the sub-nano size pores and high-aspect-ratio of ns-MFIs afford membranes extra ion sieving ability and transport area for the charging-balancing ions OH⁻ to ensure superior battery performance, delivering an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of ~98.5%, voltage efficiency (VE) of ~83.2%, and energy efficiency (EE) of ~81.9% at 80 mA/cm².     

Tuning stoichiometry of high-entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity

Thermal barrier coating materials with proper thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), low thermal conductivity, and good high-temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next-generation turbine engines. Herein, we report a new class of high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x with different Ce⁴⁺ contents synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. They exhibit different crystal structures at different Ce⁴⁺ content, including a bixbyite single phase without Ce⁴⁺ doping (x = 0), bixbyite-fluorite dual-phase in the RE₂O₃-rich region (0 < x < 2), and fluorite single phase in the stoichiometric (x = 2) and CeO₂-rich region (x > 2). The high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x exhibit tailorable TECs at a large range of 9.04 × 10^–6–13.12 × 10^–6 °C^–1 and engineered low thermal conductivity of 1.79–2.63 W·m^–1·K^–1. They also possess good sintering resistance and high-temperature phase stability. These results reveal that the high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x are promising candidates for thermal barrier coating materials as well as thermally insulating materials and refractories.     

大丝束CF/EP汽车地板VARTM模拟与高温力学性能

汽车轻量化是全球面临的共同问题,采用更具成本优势的大丝束碳纤维（CF）增强复合材料是实现汽车轻量化结构化的重要途径。然而,大丝束碳纤维在液体成型时,单束过多的纤维丝易导致纤维束内微观浸润困难,易产生干斑、气泡等缺陷。同时,传统的汽车电泳烘干工艺对复合材料的高温性能提出了挑战。鉴于此,本文采用0°/90°双轴向缝编大丝束碳纤布和耐高温环氧树脂（EP）,开展了纤维渗透率测试和汽车地板真空辅助树脂传递成型（VARTM）模拟优化研究,设计、制造了成型模具,成功试制出汽车地板样件,超景深显微镜观测显示纤维束内和层间浸润良好,无明显缺陷。高温在线拉伸和应变测试显示,温度对材料拉伸模量影响显著而对强度影响不大,180℃高温下应变恢复能力良好,表明该材料在高温下仍具备较好的强度和抗蠕变性能,该结果对指导复合材料能否通过传统汽车的电泳烘干工艺具有重要意义。     

添加浮选镁砂颗粒和Al2O3细粉对方镁石-尖晶石砖性能的影响

以烧结镁砂、浮选镁砂、电熔镁铝尖晶石和煅烧Al₂O₃细粉为主要原料,以木质素磺酸钙为结合剂,经混练、成型、1 650℃烧成制备了方镁石-尖晶石砖,主要研究了以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒以及在此基础上外加不同量煅烧Al₂O₃细粉（质量分数分别为0、3%和5%）对方镁石-尖晶石砖性能的影响。结果表明：1)以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒制备的方镁石-尖晶石砖,显气孔率和常温耐压强度降低,体积密度、抗热震性、高温强度和高温韧性提高。2)在以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒制备的方镁石-尖晶石砖中,随着煅烧Al₂O₃细粉引入量的增多,显气孔率和常温耐压强度降低,体积密度、抗热震性、高温强度和高温韧性提高。     

林业资源热解气化供热发电产业发展趋势与战略对策

生物质热解气化供热发电是林业资源加工剩余物高效综合利用产业。我国林业加工废弃物可利用量约为2.1亿吨/年,利用可再生林业资源供热和发电,有助于改善我国能源结构,增强能源安全保障,提升我国节能减排水平,推动社会主义新农村建设,促进林业可持续发展。针对目前林业资源气化供热发电产业发展过程中普遍存在的原料收储运存在瓶颈、生产过程自动化和智能化水平不高、标准化生产技术不成熟、高值化和综合利用技术缺乏等问题,建议加强林业特色资源林基地建设、创新分布式产业发展模式、突破卡脖子技术难题、严格市场准入审批、加强政府管理和行业规范、加大政策扶持力度,力争建立原料供应稳定、高品质燃气绿色制造和生物炭高效应用的一体化产业体系,到2035年气化产业年利用林业剩余物超过500万吨标准煤,总产值达100亿元/年。     

固溶冷却介质对GH4720Li合金组织和性能的影响

γ'相的形貌对GH4720Li合金的性能起着十分重要的作用。固溶淬火时高冷速可以增加基体的过饱和度,有利于获取细小的γ'相组织,然而过高的冷速容易导致工件淬火开裂。因此,工业生产中选择适当的冷却介质控制固溶淬火的冷却速度就显得尤其关键。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了不同冷却介质对GH4720Li合金组织和性能的影响。结果显示,固溶冷却介质对GH4720Li合金的晶粒尺寸、一次γ'相形貌和数量无影响;水冷试样中二次γ'相的数量最少、三次γ'相的尺寸最小;水溶性淬火剂(20%浓度)冷却后的样品中三次γ'相的尺寸最大,室温、高温拉伸的屈服强度略低于其他样品。     

铀钼矿硫酸焙烧过程动力学与熟料浸出研究

对于难处理铀钼矿而言,硫酸焙烧法可有效活化铀、钼组分并实现高效提取。焙烧过程正交试验结果表明,焙烧温度和焙烧时间对铀、钼浸出率均有较大影响,而酸矿质量比对铀浸出率影响更显著,硫酸浓度对钼浸出率影响更大。TG/DTG分析表明,整个焙烧过程可分为3个阶段：27.4～66.7、66.7～141.1、141.1～267.3 ℃;对应的Kissinger微分法反应活化能分别为17.592、16.878、38.660 kJ/mol。硫酸焙烧熟料浸出优化工艺参数为：浸出温度80 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固体积质量比5 mL/g。     

铝酸钠溶液中钒酸盐的析出行为研究

以氧化铝生产流程中氢氧化铝的洗涤液为原料,研究了苛性碱浓度、反应温度及反应时间对溶液中钒酸盐析出情况的影响。结果表明,钒酸盐的析出率随苛性碱浓度的升高和反应时间的延长而增大,随反应温度的升高而减小。当铝酸钠溶液的苛性碱浓度为200g/L、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为72h时,溶液中的钒元素可减少60%以上。结晶析出的钒酸盐主要为钒酸钠和偏钒酸钠,其晶体结构为八面体。     

特种冶金生产流程的发展趋势

特种冶金是生产高端特殊钢和特种合金的主要手段,代表了一个国家的工业化发展水平,一直是国内外冶金技术竞争的制高点.本文首先回顾和总结了传统特种冶金技术的种类和主要生产流程;其次,概述了典型特殊钢品种的特种冶金生产流程;再次,对典型特钢企业的特种冶金生产流程进行了介绍;最后,对特种冶金生产流程的未来发展趋势作出预测.新技术将进一步促进特种冶金生产流程的变革与发展.     

Influence of Five-Year Degradation on Mechanical and Tribology Properties of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been the most commonly used bearing material in total joint replacement. The degradation of UHMWPE components has a notable influence on its mechanical properties. UHMWPE samples were immersed in simulated fluid (SBF) up to 5 years and the change in chemical composition and mechanical and wetting properties was investigated. It was found that the oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio and crystallinity increased from 14.5 and 50.0% before immersion to 52.8 and 60.7% after immersion in SBF for 5 years, respectively. These resulted in a reduction in ball indentation hardness, scratch coefficient, peak load, and contact angle by 35.7, 21.0, 15.8, and 14.0%, respectively, after 5 years of immersion. The steady-state friction coefficient and wear rate increased 83.3 and 43.8%, respectively, after immersion in SBF for 5 years. The preliminary study indicated that the scratch test was an effective method to evaluate the surface performance of UHMWPE after short-term degradation, and small punch test was often used to assess the bulk properties of UHMWPE after long-term degradation.