The cuticle wax of the Cuban palm,Copernicia hospita

The physical and chemical constants characterizing a previously unreported palm wax are given. These are compared to and are quite similar to those of carnauba. There is also reference to certain gross field characteristics such as leaf size, age at time of flowering, and wax yields. The wax compares favorably with carnauba in typical polish compositions.     

Phenomenal, ideal, and projected conceptions of self.

The relationship between the phenomenal, ideal, and projected self concepts in normal, neurotic, and paranoid schizophrenic Ss is investigated by comparing a self rating of present personal characteristics (phenomenal self) and ideal personal characteristics (ideal self) with the TAT hero characteristics of each S based on five TAT stories (projective self). The results indicate that normals have positive attitudes towards the self on a realistic basis. The paranoid schizophrenic group revealed positive self attitudes which were reflective of self enhancing defenses and were based on unrealistic self appraisal. The neurotic group maintained negative self attitudes based on a realistic perception of disturbances within the self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

National Training Conference in Community Psychology.

This article describes the National Training Conference in Community Psychology, which marked the culmination of several years of planning, starting in 1970, by the Executive Committee of the Division of Community Psychology (APA Division 27). The Conference was held in Austin, Texas, April 27-May 1, 1975, and was sponsored by the Community Psychology Training Program of the University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychology. The Conference served to bring together for informal meetings and discussions the older and newer community psychologists, especially those who had entered the field during the last 5 years, to critically assess the many problems facing community psychology and to examine community psychology's conceptual independence from both clinical psychology and community mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship between Psychology and Psychiatry.

In a recent issue of this journal (February 1956), some pertinent factors underlying the relationship between psychiatry and (clinical) psychology were discussed. The principle of "one-way locomotion" can be used to describe the present situation. This freedom to trespass with impunity is a sore spot to many psychologists since there are no legal restraints prohibiting a psychiatrist (or any physician) from performing the recognized functions of a clinical psychologist. The concept of the clinical team, with the hierarchical arrangement of psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker, deserves further scrutiny. Whether the bulk of psychiatry is willing to support research which might threaten medical pre-eminence remains to be seen. Much depends upon how sincere we all are in the common goals expressed by Brody (Amer. Psychologist, 1956, 11, 105-112): "understanding and helping emotionally and intellectually disturbed people." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging allows simultaneous spectral characterization of large spatial areas due to its multichannel detection advantage. The acquisition of large amounts of data in the multichannel configuration results, however, in a poor temporal resolution of sequentially acquired data sets, which limits the examination of dynamic processes to processes that have characteristic time scales of the order of minutes. Here, we introduce the concept and instrumental details of a time-resolved infrared spectroscopic imaging modality that permits the examination of repetitive dynamic processes whose half-lives are of the order of milli-seconds. As an illustration of this implementation of step-scan FT-IR imaging, we examine the molecular responses to external electric-field perturbations of a microscopically heterogeneous polymer-liquid crystal composite. Analysis of the spectroscopic data using conventional univariate and generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation methods emphasizes an additional capability for accessing of simultaneous spatial and temporal chemical measurements of molecular dynamic processes.     

Offline/realtime traffic classification using semi-supervised learning

Identifying and categorizing network traffic by application type is challenging because of the continued evolution of applications, especially of those with a desire to be undetectable. The diminished effectiveness of port-based identification and the overheads of deep packet inspection approaches motivate us to classify traffic by exploiting distinctive flow characteristics of applications when they communicate on a network. In this paper, we explore this latter approach and propose a semi-supervised classification method that can accommodate both known and unknown applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use semi-supervised learning techniques for the traffic classification problem. Our approach allows classifiers to be designed from training data that consists of only a few labeled and many unlabeled flows. We consider pragmatic classification issues such as longevity of classifiers and the need for retraining of classifiers. Our performance evaluation using empirical Internet traffic traces that span a 6-month period shows that: (1) high flow and byte classification accuracy (i.e., greater than 90%) can be achieved using training data that consists of a small number of labeled and a large number of unlabeled flows; (2) presence of “mice” and “elephant” flows in the Internet complicates the design of classifiers, especially of those with high byte accuracy, and necessitates the use of weighted sampling techniques to obtain training flows; and (3) retraining of classifiers is necessary only when there are non-transient changes in the network usage characteristics. As a proof of concept, we implement prototype offline and realtime classification systems to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.     

On the evaluation of unsupervised outlier detection: measures,datasets, and an empirical study

The evaluation of unsupervised outlier detection algorithms is a constant challenge in data mining research. Little is known regarding the strengths and weaknesses of different standard outlier detection models, and the impact of parameter choices for these algorithms. The scarcity of appropriate benchmark datasets with ground truth annotation is a significant impediment to the evaluation of outlier methods. Even when labeled datasets are available, their suitability for the outlier detection task is typically unknown. Furthermore, the biases of commonly-used evaluation measures are not fully understood. It is thus difficult to ascertain the extent to which newly-proposed outlier detection methods improve over established methods. In this paper, we perform an extensive experimental study on the performance of a representative set of standard k nearest neighborhood-based methods for unsupervised outlier detection, across a wide variety of datasets prepared for this purpose. Based on the overall performance of the outlier detection methods, we provide a characterization of the datasets themselves, and discuss their suitability as outlier detection benchmark sets. We also examine the most commonly-used measures for comparing the performance of different methods, and suggest adaptations that are more suitable for the evaluation of outlier detection results.     

Effects of foliar fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on Salvia officinalis L. growth,antioxidant capacity,and essential oil composition

BACKGROUND: The effect of foliar fertilization and Glomus intraradices inoculation on the growth, qualitative and quantitative pattern of essential oil in Salvia officinalis was determined. Sage plants were grown in a glass house on a soil/sand mixture (w/w = 3:1). Agroleaf^® total, N:P:K = 20:20:20 + microelements, was used at the whole vegetative growth stage as a 0.3% solution. Inoculation with Glomus intraradices was done at the sowing stage. RESULTS: Application of foliar fertilization and/or mycorrhizal colonization improved dry biomass accumulation and increased the content of antioxidant metabolites (ascorbate and reduced glutathione). Applied treatments lowered the activities of the antioxidants enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, while guaiacol peroxidase increased. The relative quantity of essential oil pattern was also altered as a result of the applied treatments. Combined application (FF + Gi) significantly promoted 1,8‐cineole and α‐thujone, mycorrhizal colonization enhanced bornyl acetate, 1,8‐cineole, α‐ and β‐thujones, while foliar fertilization increased bornyl acetate and camphor. The favorable effect of root colonization by Glomus intraradices was determined both on quantitative and qualitative pattern of sage essential oil. CONCLUSION: We conclude that inoculation with Glomus intraradices resulted in improved essential oil yield and quality, while combined application of foliar fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi predominantly enhanced shoot biomass accumulation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry