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101.
Awane T Kimura T Nishida K Ishikawa N Tanuma S Nakamura M 《Analytical chemistry》2003,75(15):3831-3836
Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA) is a new method of EPMA in which characteristic X-rays emitted from only near-surface regions of a specimen are detected at extremely low exit angles near 0 degrees (the grazing exit condition). This technique requires the analytical objects exist on a flat surface. Therefore, the GE-EPMA analysis has been used only for the analysis of particles or a thin film on a flat substrate so that there were only few applications for practical analysis. As a new application, we have carried out GE-EPMA analysis of approximately 0.2-microm inclusions on stainless steel, which appeared to be a projection on the specimen surface with chemical etching. The GE-EPMA quantitative results were in excellent agreement with those of inclusions that were extracted from the stainless steel and analyzed by EPMA with conventional exit condition (30 degrees). This method could be, therefore, applied to the analysis of the submicrometer inclusion in a wide variety of metallic materials if the inclusion appears to be a projection with chemical etching treatment. 相似文献
102.
A droplet spotter for on-demand generation of pico- to femtoliter droplets was developed to meet the requirement for high-density spotting of chemicals on a surface. Our droplet spotter involves applying a approximately 1000-V and approximately 10-ms pulse voltage to the tip of a capillary tube (o.d. approximately 18 microns; i.d. approximately 11 microns) supplied with water or a dye solution. The capability of the spotter was demonstrated by preparing a microarray of dye molecules. The microarray was prepared by spotting approximately 30-fL droplets of a dye solution on a surface at the density of one spot per 20 x 20 micron 2. 相似文献
103.
Mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of Si-Ti-C-O fibre-bonded ceramic produced by hot-pressing the laminated material of oxidized satin-woven Si-Ti-C-O fibre have been investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures. The fibre element (diameter: 8 m, fibre volume fraction: 85 ± 1%) constructing the Si-Ti-C-O fibre-bonded ceramic showed a close-packed structure of the oxidized Si-Ti-C-O fibre mainly composed of fine SiC crystals, amorphous SiO2-based phase and turbostratic carbon. The Si-Ti-C-O fibre-bonded ceramic with lightweight (density: 2.45 × 103kg/m3) and low porosity (<1 vol%) showed a markedly higher fracture energy (notched, cross-plied specimen: approximately 10kJ/m2) and lower thermal conductivity (1/10 the value of stainless steel). The reason why the fibre- bonded ceramic showed such a low thermal conductivity in spite of very high thermal conductivity of a pure SiC and carbon could be attributed to the complicated microstructure of Si-Ti-C-O fibre-bonded ceramics. 相似文献
104.
Ito T Kikuta H Nagamori E Honda H Ogino H Ishikawa H Kobayashi T 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2001,91(3):245-250
Efficient lipase production by two-step fed-batch culture of an organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LST-03, was investigated. When FB synthetic medium was used in flask culture, no lipase activity was detected, whereas lipase was produced at 2.3 I.U./ml in C2 complex medium. However, lipase production was induced in FB medium when a fatty acid was added to the culture broth in the stationary phase. Among fatty acids tested, long chain saturated fatty acids, such as C18 (stearic acid) and C20 (arachidic acid), were found to function as effective inducers for the production of lipase, giving an activity level almost the same as that obtained in C2 medium in flask culture. Two-step lipase production, comprised of a growth phase in fed-batch mode and a production phase in which lipase was induced by the addition of 5% (v/v) stearic acid, was carried out in a jar-fermentor. In the growth phase, the maximum cell concentration at 16 h was only 20 in terms of the optical density at 660 nm (OD660), and a low level of lipase production (8 I.U./ml) was obtained after 167 h. This was considered to be due to the exhaustion of several medium components brought about by the use of an unsuitable medium or feeding solution. After analyzing the contents of the compounds in the culture broth by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry for metal ions and HPLC for anions, a modified FB medium was designed. When this modified FB medium was used in two-step fed-batch culture, the maximum cell concentration reached an OD660 of 55 (30.2 g-dry cells/l) at 16.5 h, and lipase was produced at 96 I.U./ml after 35 h, which is approximately 40 times higher than the production level obtained in flask culture using C2 medium. 相似文献
105.
T. Ogasawara T. Ishikawa N. Suzuki I. J. Davies M. Suzuki J. Gotoh T. Hirokawa 《Journal of Materials Science》2000,35(4):785-793
The present work investigates the tensile creep behavior (deformation and rupture) at 1100–1300°C in air of a 3-D woven Si-Ti-C-O (Tyranno) fiber/SiC-based matrix composite with and without glass sealant. The composite contained Si-Ti-C-O fibers with an additional surface modification in order to improve interface properties. Although a significant decrease in tensile strength was observed in the unsealed composite beyond 1000°C in air (and attributed to oxidation of the fiber/matrix interface), the composite with glass sealant possessed excellent mechanical properties for short-term (<1 hr.) exposure in air. In this study, tensile creep testing was conducted at 1100–1300°C in air and the effect of glass sealant on medium- and long-term strength was investigated. In addition, chemical stability of the glass sealant was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The creep rupture behavior of the composite with glass sealant under long-term exposure is suggested to depend on several factors including decomposition, evaporation, and crystallization of the glass sealant material, in addition to the applied stress. 相似文献
106.
N. Hashimoto A. Handa M. Nakagawa K. Obara H. Yano O. Ishikawa T. Hata 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2007,148(3-4):299-303
We have investigated the turbulence transition of the superfluid 4He flow generated by a vibrating wire. For a 1.2-kHz vibrating wire, we observed intermittent switchings between laminar and
turbulent flows. The switching rate decreases with increasing temperature above 100 mK, until no occurrence of the switchings
at 350 mK. For a 2.4-kHz vibrating wire, we find that the switching rate is much lower than that of the 1.2-kHz vibrating
wire even at low temperatures. This result indicates that a mechanism causing the switchings is influenced by the temperature
and the oscillation frequency of the superfluid flow. 相似文献
107.
Physical therapists are trained in manual examination techniques to test the impaired motor functions of patients. In this study, we have introduced a wearable robotic dummy joint to simulate disordered joint resistances or behaviors to support physical therapists in learning such techniques. We developed a discontinuous joint friction model based on a stick-slip phenomenon to simulate knee joint resistances caused by crepitus, a typical symptom accompanied by osteoarthritis. Practicing therapists participated in a reality-based evaluation test and specified acceptable parameter sets to adjust the simulated crepitus for the exoskeletal patient robot. The simulated crepitus and wearable dummy joint are expected to support the training of physical therapists. 相似文献
108.
Akiko Ishikura Akitoshi Mizuno Masahito Watanabe Tadahiko Masaki Takehiko Ishikawa Shinji Kohara 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(3):738-741
High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for clathrate-forming barium–germanium (Ba–Ge) alloys in the liquid state near the eutectic composition. The accurate structure information of highly reactive melts has been obtained by applying electrostatic levitation technique as a containerless method. The structure information obtained from the reverse Monte Carlo simulation suggests that the short-range ordering between the Ge atoms occurs with the addition of Ba atoms in the liquid Ba–Ge alloys. This can be associated with the formation of the cage-like structure composed of the Ge atoms in the liquid alloys near the eutectic composition. 相似文献
109.
Natsuko Sakai Tatsuo Tsunoda Natsuo Fukumoto Isao Kojima Katsuhiko Yamaji Teruhisa Horita Masahiko Ishikawa Harumi yokokawa masayuki Dokiya 《Journal of Electroceramics》1999,4(1):121-128
The morphological characteristics, chromium valence state, and cation transport in the vicinity of grain boundary in La1-xCaxCrO3 were investigated by using TEM/EDS, XPS and SIMS techniques. The width of grain boundary was around 1 nm where anomalous enrichment of calcium was observed. Higher valence state of chromium such as Cr6+(d0) was detected in the grain boundaries whereas Cr3+(d3) and Cr4+(d2) were dominant in the bulk. Very fast interdiffusion of alkaline earths was observed in the Sr2+-La0.75Ca0.25CrO3 system. All observed phenomena were correlated by assuming the A-site vacancy which may be induced by the formation of Cr6+ at grain boundaries. 相似文献
110.