全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6441篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2篇 |
化学工业 | 39篇 |
金属工艺 | 2篇 |
机械仪表 | 1篇 |
建筑科学 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 1篇 |
轻工业 | 5篇 |
石油天然气 | 3篇 |
无线电 | 4篇 |
一般工业技术 | 40篇 |
冶金工业 | 6332篇 |
原子能技术 | 1篇 |
自动化技术 | 11篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 1篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 1篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 1篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 1篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 179篇 |
1998年 | 2021篇 |
1997年 | 1130篇 |
1996年 | 726篇 |
1995年 | 370篇 |
1994年 | 327篇 |
1993年 | 385篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 93篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 77篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 84篇 |
1986年 | 73篇 |
1985年 | 72篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 46篇 |
1980年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 161篇 |
1976年 | 320篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有6442条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Apoptosis in the failing human heart 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G Olivetti R Abbi F Quaini J Kajstura W Cheng JA Nitahara E Quaini C Di Loreto CA Beltrami S Krajewski JC Reed P Anversa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,336(16):1131-1141
BACKGROUND: Loss of myocytes is an important mechanism in the development of cardiac failure of either ischemic or nonischemic origin. However, whether programmed cell death (apoptosis) is implicated in the terminal stages of heart failure is not known. We therefore studied the magnitude of myocyte apoptosis in patients with intractable congestive heart failure. METHODS: Myocardial samples were obtained from the hearts of 36 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation and from the hearts of 3 patients who died soon after myocardial infarction. Samples from 11 normal hearts were used as controls. Apoptosis was evaluated histochemically, biochemically, and by a combination of histochemical analysis and confocal microscopy. The expression of two proto-oncogenes that influence apoptosis, BCL2 and BAX, was also determined. RESULTS: Heart failure was characterized morphologically by a 232-fold increase in myocyte apoptosis and biochemically by DNA laddering (an indicator of apoptosis). The histochemical demonstration of DNA-strand breaks in myocyte nuclei was coupled with the documentation of chromatin condensation and fragmentation by confocal microscopy. All these findings reflect apoptosis of myocytes. The percentage of myocytes labeled with BCL2 (which protects cells against apoptosis) was 1.8 times as high in the hearts of patients with cardiac failure as in the normal hearts, whereas labeling with BAX (which promotes apoptosis) remained constant. The near doubling of the expression of BCL2 in the cardiac tissue of patients with heart failure was confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS: Programmed death of myocytes occurs in the decompensated human heart in spite of the enhanced expression of BCL2; this phenomenon may contribute to the progression of cardiac dysfunction. 相似文献
52.
53.
BA Stankiewicz JC Hutchins R Thomson DE Briggs RP Evershed 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,11(17):1884-1890
Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) was used to assess the quality and mechanism of protein preservation in the tissue of Iron Age bog bodies from Lindow, UK, and south-eastern Drenthe, The Netherlands. Abundant pyrolysis products of the fresh skin tissue, including 2,5-diketopiperazines of Pro-Gly, Pro-Ala, Pro-Val, Pro-Pro and Hyp, were readily assigned to specific amino acid or dipeptide moieties. Comparison of the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues with that of modern samples revealed qualitative similarities suggesting good preservation of the collagen and non-collagenous proteins in the ancient tissues. Examination of the pyrolysates of samples of fresh calf skin, which had been treated with various vegetable tanning agents, clearly revealed markers of non-hydrolysable tannins including 1,2-benzenediol, 1,3-benzenediol and 1,2,3-benzenetriol, although chromatographic quality inevitably diminished with increasing functionalization of the compounds. Such markers were not detected in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues. Instead 4-isopropenylphenol, a characteristic pyrolysis product of Sphagnum moss, was detected in both solvent-extracted and base-treated samples of tissue. The presence of 4-isopropenylphenol in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues provides evidence that their preservation involves reactions of amino acids with sphagnum acid, and possibly other agents derived from the peat. The study constitutes the first chemical characterization of the pyrolysis products of modern and ancient collagen. 相似文献
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
The available surgical and non-surgical therapy options for treatment of gallstone disease are presented. Conventional cholecystectomy is regarded as standard therapy of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Other modes of therapy may be indicated under certain circumstances, depending on the results of imaging procedures. In this context conventional X-ray examination, oral and intravenous cholecystography, sonography, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography/cholecystography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed and their influence on therapeutic decisions is explained. 相似文献
59.
We analyzed the first 5 years of surveillance data from the Established Population for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) in the Piedmont of North Carolina (n = 4162) to estimate the effect of a global self-rating of health on survival. Covariates used in Cox proportional hazard models included sociodemographic factors, chronic medical conditions, activities of daily living, use of health services, health risk behaviors, cognitive function, affective mood, and negative life events. Adjusted risk of mortality associated with poor (compared to excellent) self-ratings of health was significantly elevated among urban men only. Confounders of the association between survival and overall health assessment varied widely by subgroup. Pooled estimates from heterogeneous populations may mask significant subgroup differences both in the pattern of variables that mediate crude risk and also in the magnitude of residual risk of global self-ratings of health. 相似文献
60.