Automatic generation of nested,fork-join parallelism

This paper presents an efficient algorithm that automatically generates a parallel program from a dependence-based representation of a sequential program. The resulting parallel program consists of nested fork-join constructs, composed from the loops and statements of the sequential program. Data dependences are handled by two techniques. One technique implicitly satisfies them by sequencing, thereby reducing parallelism. Where increased parallelism results, the other technique eliminates them by privatization: the introduction of process-specific private instances of variables. Additionally, the algorithm determines when copying values of such instances in and out of nested parallel constructs results in greater parallelism. This is the first algorithm for automatically generating parallelism for such a general model. The algorithm generates as much parallelism as is possible in our model while minimizing privatization.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the First Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Vector and Parallel Machines, which was held at Cornell University in August 1988. That same year a select group of these workshop papers were published in two special issues of the journal: volume 2, numbers 2 and 3.     

Testosterone and child and adolescent adjustment: The moderating role of parent-child relationships.

In a sample of established middle- and working-class families with normally developing children and adolescents ranging in age from 6 to 18 years, sons' and daughters' testosterone levels showed little direct connection to risk behavior or symptoms of depression. In contrast, testosterone's positive relation with risk behavior and negative relation with depression were conditional on the quality of parent-child relations. As parent-child relationship quality increased, testosterone-related adjustment problems were less evident. When relationship quality decreased, testosterone-linked risk-taking behavior and symptoms of depression were more in evidence. Few relations were found between parents' testosterone and child behavior. Boys' and girls' ages and stages of pubertal development were important for understanding the expression of hormone-related problem behavior in some cases but not in others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Performance of rats on the Maier Three-Table Task following septal lesions occurring 24 hours after birth.

Two experiments with 85 Long-Evans hooded rats studied whether behavioral sparing would be demonstrated when septal lesions occurred prior to the age at which the tested behavior first appears in normal rats. Ss given septal lesions at 1 or 7 days after birth performed at approximately chance on the Maier 3-table task when tested at 90 days of age. Ss that had control electrode insertions at the same ages performed at a level similar to normal Ss. Ss given septal lesions at either age explored significantly more than did control Ss. Results are discussed in terms of the constancy over time of the septal contribution to performance on the 3-table task and the involvement of the septum and hippocampus in the processing of spatial information. (50 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A screening inventory for assessing psychiatric impairment in children 6 to 18.

Administered a structured questionnaire to a cross-sectional sample of 1,034 mothers and a welfare sample of 1,000 mothers of 6-18 yr olds in New York City. One or more psychiatrists rated each of the children on a 5-point scale of total psychiatric impairment. Factor analysis of the questionnaire items of child behavior yielded 18 factors. The 7 factors with the highest correlations with total psychiatric impairment were selected for the inventory, each represented by 5 items. The correlation of the total 35-item score and total psychiatric impairment was .82. The screening inventory significantly and substantially improved over chance in assigning children to impairment statuses in the cross-sectional sample and the sample used for cross-validation, the welfare sample. Correlations of the total score with child's treatment status and a direct clinical examination rating were expectedly low. In its present form, the instrument is recommended only for comparisons of different child and adolescent groups. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Whatever happened to scholarly discourse? A reply to B. F. Skinner.

Comments that B. F. Skinner (see record 1988-00027-001) has presented an egregiously inaccurate characterization of humanistic psychology. The authors note that Skinnerian radical behaviorism emphasizes behavior, science, and technology, while humanistic psychologies emphasize human beings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Women oriented toward male dominated careers: Is the reference group male or female?

Explored the relationships between a number of network variables and level of self-valuing in 43 women (predominantly university students) who demonstrated interest in science careers that have been traditionally associated with males. Ss provided self-report information concerning self-esteem, attitudes toward encouragement and valuing of men and women, size of male and female networks, and perceived levels of emotional support received from both sexes. Multiple regression analyses showed that female-oriented variables were able to account for 68% of the variance associated with valuing of self, whereas male-oriented predictors accounted for a substantially smaller portion of the variance. Results are discussed in the context of reference group theory and J. L. Laws's (1975) concept of tokenism. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cholinergic blockade, septal lesions, and DRL performance in the rat.

Reports 4 experiments with a total of 20 male Long-Evans hooded rats describing the effects of cholinergic blockade produced by systemic injection of either atropine sulfate or atropine methyl nitrate on Ss' differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) responding. It was shown that atropine sulfate injected either chronically or at high dosages suppressed DRL responding. Injected acutely, atropine sulfate produced disinhibitory effects. When atropine was injected either chronically or acutely into Ss with septal lesions, there was suppression of responding. It is suggested that the specific behavioral outcome resulting from cholinergic blockade depends on the balance resulting from the competing peripheral and central effects of such blockade. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)