实施六大工程打造民生水利

我省针对十年九旱、水资源短缺、生态与环境脆弱的特点，确定了今冬明春农田水利基本建设的目标任务，明确以实施兴水战略为主线，以改善民生为目标，以创新机制为保障，全面掀起冬春农田水利基本建设新高潮。     

Formation of C4 species in the deactivation of a Pd/SiO2 catalyst during the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO₂ in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity.     

电源对介质阻挡放电(DBD)激发准分子(XeCl*)辐射的影响

本文对电源参数如电压幅值、频率及正负电压对介质阻挡放电激发准分子XeCl 紫外 (30 8nm)辐射的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,UV辐射随电压幅度的增加而增强 ,但效率下降 ;提高频率 ,增加了放电次数 ,导致UV辐射的增强 ;此外 ,在较高的频率下 ,电压上升沿变陡 ,使得电子获得的能量主要用于原子的激发和电离。正、负电压放电的不对称源于电极结构的不对称而引起的放电过程的差异 ,负电压内电极可向放电管中馈入更多的能量 ;比较发光光谱可判断生成准分子的等离子体化学过程没有明显的差别     

电子束光刻中的辐照损伤

本文研究了电子束光刻中电子能量(10—30keV)和电荷剂量(10~(-6)—10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))对铝栅MOS电容器的损伤和低温退火(<500℃)的影响。研究电子束光刻中高能量(30keV)和高剂量(10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))电子束引起的损伤,对电子束汽相显影光刻和电子束无显影光刻是有实际意义的。实验表明,平带电压的损伤可高达十几伏,界面态密度可高达10~(12)cm~(-2)eV~(-1)以上。在一定电荷剂量下,平带电压的损伤对电子能量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。在一定电子能量下,界面态密度的损伤对电荷剂量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。低温(<500℃)退火能完全消除平带电压的损伤,但不能完全消除界面态密度的损伤。     

A hybrid extended finite element/level set method for modeling phase transformations

A hybrid numerical method for modelling the evolution of sharp phase interfaces on fixed grids is presented. We focus attention on two‐dimensional solidification problems, where the temperature field evolves according to classical heat conduction in two subdomains separated by a moving freezing front. The enrichment strategies of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X‐FEM) are employed to represent the jump in the temperature gradient that governs the velocity of the phase boundary. A new approach with the X‐FEM is suggested for this class of problems whereby the partition of unity is constructed with C¹(Ω) polynomials and enriched with a C⁰(Ω) function. This approach leads to jumps in temperature gradient occurring only at the phase boundary, and is shown to significantly improve estimates for the front velocity. Temporal derivatives of the temperature field in the vicinity of the phase front are obtained with a projection that employs discontinuous enrichment. In conjunction with a finer finite difference grid, the Level Set method is used to represent the evolution of the phase interface. An iterative procedure is adopted to satisfy the constraints on the temperature field on the phase boundary. The robustness and utility of the method is demonstrated with several benchmark problems of phase transformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油气井射孔器用炸药及其安全性

介绍了中国和美国射孔器所用的单质和混合炸药43种.根据耐热性,射孔器可分为普通型、高温型和超高温型三类.射孔器和炸药的耐热性与其受热时间有关,最后文中叙述了射孔器的安全性能.     

城市环境的影响与作用

揭示了城市环境的基本性质的基本特征，研究了城市环境对人的心理影响和生理影响。指出城市环境建设不公要满足人的物质需要，还要满足人的精神需要。     

利用高酸值餐饮废油脂制备生物柴油

以高酸值餐饮废油脂为原料,在酯化反应后再经两步酯交换反应制备生物柴油。在酯化反应中添加吸水剂可降低油脂的酸值,经一次酯化反应即可将油脂的酸值降至2m g/g左右,满足酯交换反应的要求。考察了酯化反应中吸水剂的添加方式、种类及其用量对酯化反应的影响,以及酯交换催化剂的种类及用量对脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)收率和产物组成的影响。实验结果表明,以凹凸棒土为吸水剂(用量为餐饮废油脂中游离脂肪酸质量的3%),且在酯化反应30m in时加入,酯化效果较好;以质量比为1∶1的NaOH和KOH混合物为催化剂进行两步酯交换反应时,催化剂的最佳用量依次为1.00%和0.75%(质量分数,基于油脂的质量),FAME收率最高达到96.33%。     

水分对高碱值硫化烷基酚钙结构和清净性的影响

采用傅立叶红外光谱仪，分析了水分对清净剂高碱值硫化烷基酚钙结构组成的影响；采用热管氧化试验法和曲轴箱模拟试验法，考察了高碱值硫化烷基酚钙在加水前后清净性能的变化；采用四球试验机和高频往复试验机，分析了水分对高碱值硫化烷基酚钙润滑性能的影响。结果表明，油中的水含量对高碱值硫化烷基酚钙的水解安定性能影响较大，并且随着水含量的增加，油品的清净性能和抗磨性能变差。     

大型电除尘器的设计、安装及操作要点

探讨了硫酸生产用大型电除尘器的要求、设计参数的选择及结构设计.指出要重视大型电除尘器的设计、制造和安装质量,并精心操作和维护,以实现长周期稳定运行.生产实践表明,只有在各个环节都做到精益求精,才能使国产大型电除尘器的质量和性能尽快达到当今世界先进水平.