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21.
W. Chen S. -H. Wang R. Chu F. King T. R. Jack R. R. Fessler 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(11):2601-2608
A study was carried out to understand the effect of precyclic loading on stress-corrosion-crack initiation in an X-65 pipeline
steel exposed to a near-neutral-pH soil environment. The test specimens were precyclically loaded before corrosion exposure
to represent a service history of up to about 20 years, depending on the severity of pressure fluctuation. Microcracks had
initiated on the polished surface of the X-65 pipeline steel after long-time exposure at open-circuit potential (OCP) in a
near-neutral-pH synthetic soil solution. These microcracks were mostly initiated from pits at metallurgical discontinuities
such as grain boundaries, pearlitic colonies, and banded phases in the steel. Strong preferential dissolution was observed
along planes of the banded structures in the steel. The selective corrosion attack at these metallurgical discontinuities
is attributed to the galvanic nature of those areas to their neighbors. Cyclic loading prior to corrosion exposure had significant
effects on microcrack initiation and propagation during subsequent corrosion exposure. Cyclic loading prior to corrosion exposure
either reduced or increased the probability of crack initiation and the rate of crack propagation, depending upon the magnitude
of the stress cycles. The largest reduction was seen at a peak cyclic stress of about 0.8 of the yield strength. This cyclic-loading-dependent
cracking behavior might be related to the alteration of the substructures and the residual stress in the steel as a result
of precyclic loading. 相似文献
22.
A multilevel soliton communication system is proposed and assessed. In this system, at the transmitter end each channel transmits its data via fundamental solitons with a pre-specified amplitude (i.e., soliton width). At the receiver end we take advantage of the sensitive relationship between the amount or fundamental soliton self-wavelength shift and the width of the soliton in the subpicosecond region. We first compress the incoming soliton noises to the subpicosecond level and pass them through a short length of fiber at the end of which the pulses have become separated in the wavelength domain since each soliton, corresponding to a data channel, has experienced a different Raman self-wavelength shift. The channels are then easily separated by optical filters. We have derived the design constraint relations for such a system. We have then heuristically designed a 40 Gbs (four channels) system for a 1000 km propagation distance (total data-rate distance product of 40 Tb/km). Numerical simulations and noise analyses have verified the feasibility and practicality of the proposed system with very good design margins. The wavelength jitter is found to be much smaller than the desired filter spacing, and thus its contribution to the bit error rate is negligible. We also argue that the system is more tolerant to Gordon-Haus timing jitter than conventional TDM soliton systems. The system is all fiber and is, therefore very cost effective as it does not require sophisticated electro-optic and microwave circuits for demultiplexing. The system can potentially operate at much higher speeds than those achievable in conventional soliton systems and it can be used in parallel with WDM soliton system 相似文献
23.
钇铁石榴石薄膜材料的光吸收谱及Bi,Al掺入对谱的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用单离子晶场跃迁模型,拟合出钇铁石榴石(YIG)薄膜材料的光吸收谱,与实验谱吻合得较好。从实验和理论上分析了(BIAI)YIG 薄膜材料的光吸收谱,结果表明,Al3+离子的作用如同稀释剂一样,减小了光吸收,Bi3+离子由于其强的自旋轨道耦合作用,增大了跃迁振子强度和跃迁线宽,从而增大了光吸收损耗,在此基础上所作的(BiAl)YIG的理论谱与实验谱符合得较好。 相似文献
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26.
本文介绍核孔膜生产线,重点描述了膜微孔制备工艺的实验研究。对于PC和PES膜,已得到32种工况下的扩孔公式,其形式为D=A+Bt,其中D——孔径,t——扩孔时间,A,B为特定工艺参数下的常数值.通过实验。得到了膜孔密度N与300~#核反应堆功率P、热柱辐照位置L的经验公式,即N=6.97×10~5×10~3×101~(1.18L).在本生产线上可生产最大幅面为3 140mm×240mm,孔径为0.04~10 μm的多系列多规格的核孔膜产品。 相似文献
27.
文中严格地讨论了任意截面形状,任意模式的柱形谐振腔Q值与构成该谐振器的传输线衰减常数间的关系,给出了更一般的公式,推广了Davidson和Sim-monds^[1]、Barlow和Cullen^[2]以及Yeh和Shimabukuro^[3,4]的结果。 相似文献
28.
The bicycle industry is an interesting case where East Asian firms have made a considerable impact, but where Taiwan has outperformed Korea. In the Korean sector, none of the well-known chaebol such as Samsung have become involved, and the incumbent firms experienced slow growth until there was government intervention in the 1980s. In Taiwan, small dynamic firms responded to large export orders in the early 1970s, and established a lasting lead which has been regenerated through technological upgrading. The paper argues that both countries’ bicycle industries have a vertically non-integrated structure, with extensive internal sub-contracting, and that the differences between the countries can be attributed to the timing and effcacy of industrial policy interventions. 相似文献
29.
PURPOSE: To demonstrate a superselective intraarterial chemotherapy as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of previously treated recurrent lymph node metastases in breast cancer. METHODS: 14 patients with recurrent lymph node metastases in cases of breast cancer were presented to be treated by intraarterial chemotherapy of 25 mg mitoxantrone/m2 over a period of 24 hours. In two patients with superclavicular lymph node involvement an intraarterial therapy could not be carried out because of a vascular connection to the anterior spinal artery. Involved lymph stations could be reached in superselective technique by side branches of the subclavian artery. Heparin coverage was given intravenously. Every patient had had surgery, radiation, systemic chemo- and hormonal therapy before and was now graded as inoperable. Therapy indication was given by local tumour-induced symptoms. RESULTS: In the 12 treated cases complete remission was seen in three, partial remission in 4, a steady state in two and a progressive disease in three. There were no complications or severe side effects. CONCLUSION: Intraarterial chemotherapy is an effective and well tolerated treatment in recurrent lymph node metastases in cases of breast cancer even if conventional therapies can no longer be used. 相似文献
30.
氧化锌压敏陶瓷烧结致密化过程的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文研究了氧化锌压敏陶瓷的致密化过程,结果发现只有当烧结温度升高到一定值时,试样中的ZnO粉粒产生聚集,致密化过程才开始.致密化是瓷体获得稳定电性能的基础.低熔点添加剂B2O3可以降低致密化的起始温度,而致密化过程中的等温烧结对ZnO压敏陶瓷的最大密度几乎没有影响. 相似文献