Biodegradation of Potamogeton pectinatus biomass by hydrogen and methane coproduction: Effect of different pretreatments and parallel factor analysis

To enhance the hydrogen and methane coproduction potential, three pretreatments (i.e., acid, alkali and cellulase) were investigated during a two-stage anaerobic fermentation using Potamogeton pectinatus biomass. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the two-stage effluents, coupled with parallel factor analysis, were studied. The maximum hydrogen proportions (42.65%) and production rate (4.1 mL h^?1) were obtained under the 0.5 mol L^?1 HCl pretreatment. The highest methane proportions (52.82%) and production rate (14.2 mL h^?1) were observed under the 0.5 mol L^?1 HCl and 10 mg g^?1 cellulase pretreatments, respectively. Combined with fluorescence spectra and parallel factor analysis, three fluorescent components were identified, and the protein-like substances were determined to be dominant. Using the acid pretreatment, the change of the maximum fluorescence intensities in the DOM was the most significant among the three pretreatments, followed by that of the cellulose pretreatment. The result indicated that the macromolecular substances in P. pectinatus can be decomposed by effective pretreatment and thereby enhances the hydrogen and methane coproduction potential. This technique represents a promising method for improving cellulosic biomass biodegradation and green energy coproduction.     

黑龙江省新林—呼中地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿意义

在新林—呼中地区森林沼泽-冻土景观区,开展1∶50 000水系沉积物测量,探讨该区水系沉积物中元素含量分布、元素组合特征和区域地球化学异常特征,为下一步划分成矿远景区,开展地球化学找矿提供依据。结果显示:该区具备中高温热液型Cu、Pb、Mo、Au多金属矿成矿条件;早白垩世二长花岗岩区和白音高老组火山岩区Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、Au显著富集,强烈分异,是寻找Pb、Cu、Mo、Au多金属矿化(床)的有利地段;区域异常与燕山早期酸性侵入体密切相关,应是晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆侵入、喷发以及构造运动强烈作用的结果。     

Fabrication and electromagnetic wave absorption property of quartz ceramics with a gradient distribution of BaTiO3

Quartz ceramics with a uniform/gradient distribution of BaTiO₃ (U/G–SO–BTO) are fabricated by cold pressing a powder blend with BTO followed by sintering and using a combined technique of spreading the powder blends with gradually increased BTO layer–by–layer and sintering. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of these two ceramics are studied in detail. For U–SO–BTO samples, the primary electromagnetic reflection is strong due to the aggravated impedance mismatch at their surfaces. The electromagnetic wave reflectivity of U–SO–BTO could only reach ?7.0?dB when the sample thickness is 6?mm and the BTO content is 8.0?wt%, and it decreases slightly to ?8.1?dB when the sample thickness is increased to 10.0?mm and the BTO content is decreased to 5.0?wt% simultaneously. For G–SO–BTO samples, electromagnetic waves could enter with little reflection due to the weak surface impedance mismatch, and the electromagnetic waves entering these samples could propagate forward while being absorbed gradually with little reflection because of the weak impedance mismatch at the interfaces. The G–SO–BTO samples are promising excellent electromagnetic absorbing materials because their electromagnetic wave reflectivity could reach a level lower than ?12.0?dB and could decrease further from –12.2 to ?13.1?dB as the layer thickness increases from 1.0 to 2.0?mm.     

Study on the dissolved oxygen control strategy in large‐scale vitamin B12 fermentation by Pseudomonas denitrificans

BACKGROUND: There are two different routes for vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis, which results in discrepancies and uncertainties of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration for vitamin B₁₂ fermentation. In this paper, the DO control strategy was explored for industrial vitamin B₁₂ fermentation by Pesudomonas denitrificans in 120000‐L fermenter. RESULTS: A DO‐stat strategy was first successfully scaled up from a 9000 L fermenter to a 120 000 L fermenter. Then a multi‐stage DO control strategy was further established in the 120 000 L fermenter, in which the DO level was shifted from 8–10% (20–48 h) to 2–5% (49–106 h) and below 2% (107–168 h) by gradually reducing the rate of aeration and agitation. As a result, 198.80 mg L^?1 of vitamin B₁₂ was obtained, which was significantly higher than those obtained under the fermentations with one‐stage DO control. CONCLUSIONS: The comparatively low DO level was favorable for vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis, but it would have an extremely negative effect on cell growth. Compared with the low DO level maintained at all times of the fermentation process, a multi‐stage DO control strategy could not only increase the biomass but also improve vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

沿海岛屿数据用于蒸发波导分析的低可信度

在我国沿海海域,没有大量的气象浮标,但在岛屿或海边有大量的气象观测站,能否利用这些气象观测站获得的数据进行蒸发波导特性分析,值得深入研究.对比沿海岛屿实测数据与NCEP再分析数据,并将这两种数据输入NPS模型后发现蒸发波导高度的差异较大.但是对比气象浮标数据与NCEP数据,表明NCEP再分析数据用于蒸发波导统计分析是可信的,从而得出结论:沿海岛屿测量数据应用于蒸发波导统计特性研究的可信度较低.理论分析表明:成因是海陆交互作用的影响.但其气象参数的变化趋势与NCEP再分析数据的变化趋势比较一致,对于蒸发波导强弱和变化趋势的判定,仍有一定参考价值.     

Performance of a 33m high geogrid reinforced soil embankment without concrete panel

Geosynthetic reinforced soil embankment are extensively applied in the construction of high-speed railway and highway in mountainous regions but limited field monitoring is conducted on high and steep cases. Aiming to acquire better understanding, a 33-m-high single-tiered wrapped-facing geogrid reinforced soil embankment with the slope of 1 V:0.5H in China was monitored for 2 years during and after construction. Vertical earth pressure, strain of geogrids, horizontal displacement and settlement per layer were recorded and analysed. The results show that the geogrid tensile strains gradually increased during construction. And they were still developing after completion due to creep and subsequent vehicle surcharge load. The predictions of reinforcement loads by the FHWA methods were much higher than the estimated ones from measured strains. The vertical earth pressures linearly grew during construction and then stabilized fast. The horizontal displacement increases with height and the largest value achieved around the top of the slope two years after the construction is 0.14% the total height approximately. The settlement per layer is larger in the lower and middle portion of the embankment and no obvious change is observed over time. This study hopes to serve as a case reference for design and construction of similar reinforcement projects in the future.     

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对液压胀形用激光焊管产品的质量控制过程进行了研究。通过在线非破坏性检测手段对余高、凹陷、错边及气孔等焊接质量缺陷进行控制,同时通过扩口试验、压扁试验、焊缝金相组织及硬度试验等质量检测方法进行了液压胀形用激光焊管产品的离线质量控制。另外,从生产供货角度出发说明了产品质量管控过程中首件检测方法的关键作用,强调了段焊检测和焊缝金相检测的重要性。试验结果表明,激光焊管的各项性能指标满足液压胀形工艺的使用要求。     

基于综合判断的高抗内部缺陷分析与处理

分析了一起1000kV线路高抗乙炔含量异常故障,阐述了故障的原因和机理,给出了针对故障采取的消除缺陷的方法,介绍了后续带电检测的情况及结果。