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851.
852.
Ming Cheng Weinong Chen Jianping Jiang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(6):1666-1668
A novel microscopy is developed for evaluating the fracture toughness of thin ceramic sheets using the micro-indentation method. This microscopy overcomes the theoretical limit of measurement resolution associated with optical microscopes. Using a modified optical microscope, the crack lengths produced by micro-indentation on the surface of an as-fired ceramic sheet can now be measured. Experimental results on an 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic substrate show that the accuracy of the fracture toughness evaluation is satisfactory. This micro-indentation fracture toughness evaluation method is efficient and economical for thin ceramic substrate surfaces, either polished or as-fired. 相似文献
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Several low‐powered gas plasmas were employed to treat a biomedical poly(ester)urethane using the treatment gases of CO2, O2, NH3, and SO2 with different treatment time (2, 5, 10, and 15 min). The changes of the physical and chemical characteristics of the biopolymer surface were studied. Surface morphology was evaluated by scanning probe microscopy, which showed increased roughness of the surface after plasma treatment. The wettability of the surface was examined by static water contact angle (SCA) measurements, which presented that there was a decrease of SCA in all plasma treatments compared with the untreated surface and that each gas plasma had an optimum treatment time accompanied by a minimum contact angle. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the changes of the surface functional groups. The data demonstrated that CO2 and O2 plasmas resulted in the incorporation of oxygen‐containing groups, while NH3 plasma resulted in the combination of nitrogen‐containing groups, and SO2 plasma resulted in the formation of sulfur‐containing groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1273–1282, 2006 相似文献
856.
奥氏体不锈钢酸性气管线开裂失效检测分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在用奥氏体不锈钢酸性气管道压力试验过程中泄漏,检查发现管道多处穿孔和开裂。系列手段分析后表明,开裂失效是在含有Cl~-物质和在潮湿的环境中,产生的点腐蚀、应力腐蚀和局部腐蚀疲劳开裂。 相似文献
857.
Metallothionein is a ubiquitous protein with a wide range of proposed physiological roles, including the transport, storage and detoxification of essential and nonessential trace metals. The amino acid sequence of isoform 2a of rabbit liver metallothionein, the isoform used in our spectroscopic studies, includes 20 cysteinyl groups out of 62 amino acids. Metallothioneins in general represent an impressive chelating agent for a wide range of metals. Structural studies carried out by a number of research groups (using (1)H and (113)Cd NMR, X-ray crystallography, more recently EXAFS, as well as optical spectroscopy) have established that there are three structural motifs for metal binding to mammalian metallothioneins. These three structures are defined by metal to protein stoichiometric ratios, which we believe specifically determine the coordination geometry adopted by the metal in the metal binding site at that metal to protein molar ratio. Tetrahedral geometry is associated with the thiolate coordination of the metals in the M(7)-MT species, for M = Zn(II), Cd(II), and possibly also Hg(II), trigonal coordination is proposed in the M(11-12)-MT species, for M = Ag(I), Cu(I), and possibly also Hg(II), and digonal coordination is proposed for the metal in the M(17-18)-MT species for M = Hg(II), and Ag(I). The M(7)-MT species has been completely characterized for M = Cd(II) and Zn(II). (113)Cd NMR spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic data show that mammalian Cd(7)-MT and Zn(7)-MT have a two domain structure, with metal-thiolate clusters of the form M(4)(S(cys))(11) (the alpha domain) and M(3)(S(cys))(9) (the beta domain). A similar two domain structure involving Cu(6)(S(cys))(11) (alpha) and Cu(6)(S(cys))(9) (beta) copper-thiolate clusters has been proposed for the Cu(12)-MT species. Copper-, silver- and gold-containing metallothioneins luminesce in the 500-600 nm region from excited triplet, metal-based states that are populated by absorption into the 260-300 nm region of the metal-thiolate charge transfer states. The luminescence spectrum provides a very sensitive probe of the metal-thiolate cluster structures that form when Ag(I), Au(I), and Cu(I) are added to metallothionein. CD spectroscopy has been used in our laboratory to probe the formation of species that exhibit well-defined three-dimensional structures. Saturation of the optical signals during titrations of MT with Cu(I) or Ag(I) clearly show formation of unique metal-thiolate structures at specific metal:protein ratios. However, we have proposed that these M=7, 12 and 18 structures form within a continuum of stoichiometries. Compounds prepared at these specific molar ratios have been examined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and bond lengths have been determined for the metal-thiolate clusters through the EXAFS technique. The stoichiometric ratio data from the optical experiments and the bond lengths from the XAS experiments are used to propose structures for the metal-thiolate binding site with reference to known inorganic metal-thiolate compounds. 相似文献
858.
北方渠道大多使用保温板防止混凝土衬砌受冻胀破坏。在计算保温板厚度时为了降低成本,容易忽略保温板使用过程中受各种因素的影响导致保温效果变差的情况,使混凝土衬砌达不到设计使用年限便提前被破坏。内蒙古河套灌区试验结果表明,由于受酸雨、冻融作用、含水量等因素的影响,保温板保温效果平均每年降低0.9℃,其中受含水量变化的影响最大。经试验测得:聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)含水量每增加1%,会导致导热系数增大5%。基于多层材料串联热阻叠加原理和热阻等效原理,对保温板厚度计算公式进行完善,并提出相应的铺设方法和施工技术要求。该设计对保温板在季节性冻土区的推广应用具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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磷酸盐玻璃的性质和形成规律的研究比硅酸盐玻璃少得多。由于磷酸盐玻璃的化学稳定性比普通硅酸盐玻璃差,原料价格高等因素,降低了它的实用性。但是磷酸盐玻璃具有某些特殊性能是其他系统玻璃不能达到的,若对特定的磷酸盐系统作适当成分调整后,仍可以获得基本性质较好,有实际应用价值的特种光功能玻璃,如激光介质材料和特种光学 相似文献