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991.
Polyaspartate is an excellent Pb2+‐binding agent in comparison with some polyaspartamide derivatives with different side chains, in that it possesses a higher Pb2+ uptake and a lower Pb2+ equilibrium concentration. Equilibrium sorption data for Pb2+ on polyaspartate can be well fitted with the Freundlich and Langmuir models. Experimental results show that a crosslinked polyaspartate hydrogel is superior to poly(acrylic acid)‐based resins and polystyrene‐based chelating resins. IR spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectra reveal that the polyaspartate hydrogel binds Pb2+ by both an ion‐exchange mechanism and a chelating mechanism. The polyaspartate hydrogel is also an effective agent for the removal of Pb2+ from glycyrrhizin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2215–2220, 2005 相似文献
992.
Extraction of Lipids from Municipal Wastewater Plant Microorganisms for Production of Biodiesel 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stephen Dufreche R. Hernandez T. French D. Sparks M. Zappi E. Alley 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(2):181-187
Municipal wastewater treatment plants in the USA produce over 6.2 × 106 t of dried sewage sludge every year. This microorganism-rich sludge is often landfilled or used as fertilizer. Recent restrictions
on the use of sewage sludge, however, have resulted in increased disposal problems. Extraction of lipids from sludge yields
an untapped source of cheap feedstock for biodiesel production. Solvents used for extraction in this study include n-hexane, methanol, acetone, and supercritical CO2. The gravimetric yield of oil was low for nonpolar solvents, but use of polar solvents gave a considerably increased yield;
however, the percentage of saponifiable material was less. Extraction of lipids with a mixture of n-hexane, methanol, and acetone gave the largest conversion to biodiesel compared with other solvent systems, 4.41% based on
total dry weight of sludge. In situ transesterification of dried sludge resulted in a yield of 6.23%. If a 10% dry weight
yield of fatty acid methyl esters is assumed, the amount of biodiesel available for production in the USA is 1.4 × 106 m3/year. Outfitting 50% of municipal wastewater plants for lipid extraction and transesterification could result in enough biodiesel
production to replace 0.5% of the national petroleum diesel demand (0.7 × 106 m3). 相似文献
993.
Systems of Pd supported on various La2O3-modified -Al2O3 and CeO2–Al2O3 catalysts were tested for catalytic methanol decomposition and characterized by means of XRD, BET, TPR, H2-chemisorption and CO–FTIR. The addition of lanthanum significantly improved the selectivity of CO and H2 for all the catalysts but showed a different influence on the catalytic activity in two systems. Methanol conversion decreased on La2O3-modified Pd/-Al2O3 catalysts, in line with the reduction of Pd dispersion, while the addition of La2O3 improved the dispersion of Pd and reinforced Pd–CeO2 interaction for La2O3-modified Pd/CeO2–Al2O3 catalysts, which resulted in a high production rate of CO and H2. Thus, a synergistic effect between CeO2 and La2O3 was observed on -Al2O3-supported Pd catalyst for methanol decomposition. 相似文献
994.
在满足工艺要求的基础上,通过富集均三甲苯塔模拟与优化给出最佳操作条件,用于指导实际操作和设备改造.优化生产参数。 相似文献
995.
Mesoporous sulfated Al2O3–ZrO2 (MSAZ) catalysts with large surface areas and pore volumes after calcination at high temperature (650 °C) and with higher
Al2O3 content than 20wt% were successfully prepared from a template of block copolymer (P84). The MSAZ catalysts were characterized
by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG–DTG), temperature-programmed
desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and infrared spectra (IR) of adsorbed pyridine. It is shown that the resulting mesostructured sulfated Al2O3–ZrO2 samples have a well-developed textural mesoporosity. The number of acid sites present on MSAZ catalysts is higher than that
on conventional sulfated zirconia, and the former catalysts are more active than the latter one for various acid-catalyzed
reactions. 相似文献
996.
借助电导率仪、光学显微镜和亚微粒子分析仪等测试手段。研究了乳液聚合导致一种新的转相过程,并用于八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合中。研究表明:体系以 W/O 相态开始,单体由连续相向水相(分散相)内的胶束中扩散并发生聚合反应,形成 O/W/O 复合乳液。反应过程中连续相体积不断减小,分散相(O/W 复相)体积不断增大,当达到某一临界相比时,体系发生转相,转相后乳液为 O/W。对本实验物系,转相点临界相比主要由初始水油比和乳化剂浓度决定。同常规的乳液聚合相比,伴有转相现象的乳液聚合有其自身的特点,转相使得聚合速率、聚合物粒径及分布、乳液稳定性等发生变化。 相似文献
997.
998.
J. Javier Gutiérrez J. Carlos Palencia Michael González Harbour 《Real-Time Systems》2014,50(2):230-269
The ARINC-664, Part 7 (AFDX) standard defines a communication network based on Ethernet and the UDP/IP protocols. Contrary to general-purpose Ethernet, the timing behavior in AFDX is deterministic due to the use of special network switches and end systems with static routing tables and traffic policing at the sending end through mechanisms called virtual links. Even though the latencies in this network are bounded, there are scheduling and contention effects that need to be analyzed. In this paper we develop a response-time analysis for multipacket messages transmitted through an AFDX network including the scheduling of the virtual links and sub-virtual links, and also the contention in the end systems and in the switches. This analysis allows us to obtain worst-case latencies and output jitter for the network messages with a precise modeling of the sending and receiving ends. These results can be integrated in a holistic approach with the response time analysis of the threads in the processing nodes to obtain end-to-end response times in heterogeneous distributed systems. 相似文献
999.
1000.
我国合成树脂工业发展概况及前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
陈杰 《现代塑料加工应用》2005,17(2):1-5
分析了我国合成树脂生产、消费及进出口情况。近几年我国合成树脂工业发展很快,2003年合成树脂产量达到15.938Mt,其中聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)树脂总生产能力为16.721Mt,产量为15.434Mt,表观消费量为28.358Mt。预计2005-2010年我国五大合成树脂需求的年均增长率为6.8%,2005年需求量将达到32.j60Mt。 相似文献