Feasibility analysis for monitoring fatigue crack in hydraulic turbine blades using acoustic emission technique

In order to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the fatigue cracks in turbine blades using acoustic emission (AE) technique, the AE characteristics of fatigue crack growth were studied in the laboratory. And the characteristics were compared with those of background noise received from a real hydraulic turbine unit. It is found that the AE parameters such as the energy and duration can qualitatively describe the fatigue state of the blades. The correlations of crack propagation rates and acoustic emission count rates vs stress intensity factor (SIF) range are also obtained. At the same time, for the specimens of 20SiMn under the given testing conditions, it is noted that the rise time and duration of events emitted from the fatigue process are lower than those from the background noise; amplitude range is 49–74 dB, which is lower than that of the noise (90–99 dB); frequency range of main energy of crack signals is higher than 60 kHz while that in the noise is lower than 55 kHz. Thus, it is possible to extract the useful crack signals from the noise through appropriate signal processing methods and to represent the crack status of blade materials by AE parameters. As a result, it is feasible to monitor the safety of runners using AE technique. Foundation item: Project(50465002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced calcined kaolin-fly ash based geopolymer

To improve the environmental benefits and solve the problems of large shrinkage and high brittleness, the partial replacement of calcined kaolin by fly ash as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis and the influences of polypropylene (PP) fiber on the mechanical properties and volume stability were investigated. The results show that compressive strength of the geopolymer containing 33.3%(mass fraction) fly ash by steam curing at 80 °C for 6 d is improved by 35.5%. The 3-day compressive strength, flexural strength and impacting energy of geopolymers containing 0.05%PP fiber increase by 67.8%, 36.1% and 6.25%, while the shrinkage and modulus of compressibility decrease by 38.6% and 31.3%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the appearances of crack growths confirm that PP fiber can offer a bridging effect over the harmful pores and defects and change the expanding ways of cracks, resulting in a great improvement of strength and toughness. Foundation item: Project(2006AA06Z225) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

攻击型无人机鲁棒导引律研究

文章研究了攻击型无人机鲁棒导引系统,采用对干扰和摄动具有自适应能力的滑动模态变结构控制方法设计了攻击型无人机滑模导引规律.针对用于消除颤振的伪滑动模态不能实现精确跟踪的缺陷,对滑模导引规律中颤振消除进行了优化设计,引入系统运动状态轨迹接近角变量,使消除颤振的伪滑动模态边界层宽度随着系统状态到达滑动模态而逐渐减小为零,从而达到了既能消除颤振又能实现精确跟踪的设计目标.通过仿真验证了该导引规律具有攻击弹道平缓、抗目标机动扰动能力强、鲁棒性好、制导精度高的优点.     

一种新的基于隐式经验的服务发现模型

文章介绍了一个新的服务发现模型ICSD模型,解决了传统服务发现技术中服务的功能与非功能特性较难控制的问题.文中第1节定义了模型中用到理论的9个相关概念.第2节具体介绍了模型的实现原理,给出了模型的一个原理图及模型中用到的一个相似度计算算法.文中第3节介绍了一个基于ICSD模型开发的原型系统,并引入了一套测试方案对系统进行了验证.试验证明随着服务数量的增加,系统的精确率稳定到0.8.     

基于STC单片机的焊接摆动器控制系统的设计

介绍了基于STC单片机焊接摆动器控制系统的设计,包括电源模块、单片机控制模块、直流电机脉宽调制(PWM)调速模块、红外线二极管检测与放大电路模块、人机交互模块等系统硬件设计,以及用C语言实现的系统软件设计.该系统能够控制焊枪以特定的预置参数进行摆动并配合一台小车进行流水线操作,从而达到自动焊接过程中的特殊要求.通过现场运行,系统稳定,可靠性高,满足工业现场要求.     

基于随机滤波器的无位置传感器SMPM电机磁通辨识

用随机滤波器对无速度传感器的交流永磁电机的转子磁通进行观测.观测过程中为了降低计算量,采用参数的混合辨识方法,把滑模观测器引入磁通辨识系统,代替位置传感器对转子位置和速度进行估计.用Matlab7.0建立离线辨识模型,仿真分析了转子磁通估计值与实际值之间的误差,以及磁通估计值随负载转矩大小的变化情况.     

山地生态旅游区景观规划原则初探

针对山地生态旅游区景观规划的意义,从景观生态学的角度来探讨山地生态旅游区景观规划的原则,以期对目前山地生态旅游区的建设起到一定的参考和借鉴作用.     

方形气固流化床从鼓泡到湍动流型转变的实验研究

在368mm×368 mm方形气固床中对FCC颗粒进行流态化实验,研究了从鼓泡到湍动的流型转变行为及相关问题.实验测试了多个床层截面的压差波动,由波动标准差随表观气速变化的最大值获得了流型转变速度Uc.结果表明,方形床中的流态化平均行为在床层截面纵横两个方向一致,沿床层轴向呈现不均匀性,底部存在颗粒密相区;不同床层截面转变速度Uc不同,由床层上部向下扩展,Uc呈线性增加关系,说明流型转变至上而下进行;静床高度对Uc影响显著,静床高度增加,床层轴向各截面Uc相应增加;以上结果表明了目前仅与气固物性参数相关联的Uc预测模型有待改进.     

低强度锚固体养护时间和频率对导波速度的影响

组装了一套超声导波无损检测系统.制作了两个长度为1 m,28 d锚固体单轴抗压强度分别为4.36 MPa和4.69 MPa的全锚锚杆.利用该系统对这两个锚杆在各个养护期,从40～100 kHz的超声导波速度进行了测试,以研究水泥砂浆的养护期和导波频率对波速的影响.研究结果表明,在测试频率范围内,低强度锚固锚杆中导波速度随频率的增加而增加,在试件1和试件2中分别增加了10.1%和8.2%;水泥砂浆的养护期对导波速度影响也很大,尤其在养护初期速度随时间的增加而明显下降,最大降幅达29.4%(养护第7天),但在中后期波速变化不太明显,只有略微上升.试验结果与理论分析相吻合.     

巴楚露头地区海相地层沉积体系与声波速度、密度关系的研究

对巴楚露头地区下切谷和礁滩地层沉积环境岩样纵、横波速测量和密度测量的结果进行统计分析,其结果表明下切谷相中峡谷相的纵横波速度以及密度均高于斜坡相,礁滩相中礁前相和礁后相的物性变化较大,礁核相的纵、横波速度以及密度相对较高。另外,在测量过程中,由于岩石的裂缝、岩石速度的各向异性、超声仪的测量精度以及密度仪对温度的灵敏度等等因素,在一定程度上会影响测量的结果。尽管如此,通过对下切谷和礁滩沉积环境的物性分析,这些结果仍然能为塔里木巴楚一间房组沉积体系的精细储层预测提供重要的线索。