金钢石膜表面抛光与平整技术进展

综述了金刚石膜抛光与平整技术，例如研磨、热化学抛光、离子束抛光、化学机械抛光、等离子抛光、激光抛光等方法的优点与不足，重点分析厚度较小（约几微米）的金刚石薄膜抛光与平整的可行途径。     

基于Allan方差法的MEMS惯性器件随机噪声分析

地震仪测量的通常为水平分量,而对旋转分量的测量与研究还相对较少.单独运用陀螺仪测量振动的旋转分量,准确度不高,而且测量结果的漂移量较大.基于MEMS惯性器件的无陀螺捷联惯导技术或者陀螺仪-加速度计组合技术,为六自由度振动测量提供了便利.由于受其加工工艺的限制,MEMS惯性器件的测量精度还存在较大的差异,因此需要对MEMS惯性器件的误差特性进行对比测试与分析.文章应用Allan方差法对两种MEMS惯性器件的随机噪声进行了分析,得到了量化噪声、速度随机游走、零偏不稳定性、加速度随机游走、速率斜坡等5项随机噪声指标.随机噪声分析的结果表明,Allan方差法能有效地对MEMS惯性器件的随机噪声进行评估和分析.     

结合相对熵和多跳转发路由的改进WSN节能策略

目前,基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议(LEACH)的改进协议大多是从簇头选举、簇的分布、路径选择等方面入手,数据之间的冗余性考虑不够。提出了一种结合相对信息熵的改进LEACH协议(LEACH-CIE),结合相对熵模型,计算节点相邻两个周期数据概率分布的相对熵值,再与阈值进行比较,以此判断数据的冗余度,通过拒绝冗余数据的传输,达到降低网络能耗的目的。在数据发送阶段,考虑通信距离、能耗比等因素,提出一种兼顾自身剩余能量的多跳转发路由(MFRCRE),优化节点转发条件,均衡网络各节点的能量消耗速率。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低并均衡网络节点的能耗以延长网络生存周期。     

流动分析技术及其在海水营养盐自动检测中的应用

海水营养盐是海洋初级生产力和食物链的基础,营养盐的测定对海洋学的研究至关重要。流动分析技术由于其自动化、低耗以及重现性高等优点,在海水的营养盐自动检测中有着广泛的应用。本文对流动分析技术的发展进行了归纳总结,对流动分析技术在海水营养盐自动检测中的应用进行了讨论,并对流动分析技术在海水营养盐检测中的总体发展方向进行了展望。     

大型空调系统生命周期评价与能源利用评价模型

基于西安咸阳国际机场货运中心空调系统,利用生命周期理论和层次分析法针对能源高效利用途径进行了研究。针对生命周期方法和层次分析法应用于建筑能源进行了深入分析,结合实际案例数据进行了生命周期清单分析,数据来源与所提模型紧密结合,基于层次分析法框架性模型,以空调工程各种资源的消耗值和各种环境影响潜值分析为例,量化剖析了如何利用全生命周期影响评价对耗能项目进行评价。结合案例数据的生命周期评价提出了能源利用评价层次模型,并针对模型给出了从全生命周期角度调整建立能源利用过程监控与评价等建议。     

THE FLOW STRESS OF ALLOY STRUCTURAL STEELS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH STRAIN RATE

采用恒应变速率凸轮式压缩试验机对8种合金结构钢的流动应力进行了实验研究。其变形温度(T)、应变速率((?))及变形程度(ε％)分别为850—1150℃,5—80s~(-1)及5—69％。分析了变形温度、变形程度及应变速率对流动应力(σ)的影响。通过对变形温度影响项具有两种表达式的流动应力数学模型的非线性回归分析及比较,提出了拟合精度较高的8个合金结构钢流动应力的数学模型,并给出了数学模型的回归系数值。     

反应电火花沉积合成TiN金属基复合涂层

利用自制的反应电火花沉积合成系统,以TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气,在45应合成了TiN金属基陶瓷复合涂层.利用X射线仪测定了涂层的物相组成,利用显微镜观察分析了涂层断面形貌及组织,利用硬度仪测试了涂层的显微硬度,利用磨损试验机对比了涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的耐磨性能.结果表明:涂层的平均维氏硬度为13230 MPa,涂层中TiN物相的平均晶粒大小为50 nm,涂层具有较好的耐磨性.     

High Temperature Creep Deformation Mechanisms of a Hot Corrosion-Resistant Nickel-based Superalloy

Creep properties of the experimental superalloy were investigated in the temperature range 1073–1223 K and stress range 110–550 MPa. The observations of dislocation structures during different creep conditions reveal that in the high stress region, particle-shearing mechanisms including stacking fault formation and antiphase boundary creation are operative and in the low stress region, the dislocation climb mechanism is dominant. From the plot of minimum creep rate versus applied stress, a very low stress region with exponent n < 2, which is related to diffusional creep, is found. Based on the experimental results, a stress–temperature creep deformation mechanism map for the alloy is constructed. On the basis of particle hardening theories and various dislocation-creep theories, the dislocation-creep transitions in terms of internal stress are discussed and calculated threshold stresses of various creep deformation mechanisms indicates that the particle shearing is easier to operate than Orowan looping at high stresses, and general climb is easy to happen at low stresses.     

黄铜热变形流动应力的实验研究

采用恒变形率凸轮压缩试验机对５个黄铜品种的热变形流动应力进行了实验研究，分析了变形温度，变形速率，变形程度对流动应力的影响，同时对不同的数学模型结构形式进行了非线性回归，通过分析比较提出了拟合精度较高的流动应力数学模型．     

Situational awareness architecture for smart grids developed in accordance with dispatcher’s thought process: a review

The operational environment of today’s smart grids is becoming more complicated than ever before. A number of factors, including renewable penetration, marketization, cyber security, and hazards of nature, bring challenges and even threats to control centers. New techniques are anticipated to help dispatchers become aware of the accurate situations as they manipulate and navigate the situations as quickly as possible. To address the issues, we first introduce the background for this topic as well as the emerging technical demands of situational awareness in the dispatcher’s environment. The general concepts and technical requirements of situational awareness are then summarized, aimed at offering an overview for readers to understand the state-of-the-art progress in this area. In addition, we discuss the importance of integrating the architecture of support tools in accordance with the dispatcher’s thought process, which in fact guides correct and swift reactions in real-time operations. Finally, the prospects for situational awareness architecture are investigated with the goal of presenting situational awareness modules in an advanced and visualized manner.