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51.
Control of calcium hexaluminate grain morphology in in-situ toughened ceramic composites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of processing conditions on the morphology of calcium hexaluminate (CA6) grains in Al2O3: 30 vol% CaO·6Al2O3 (CA6) ceramic composites was investigated. Specimens were prepared by in-situ reaction sintering using precursor powders of alumina, and either calcium carbonate or calcium oxide. In some samples, 1 vol% anorthite glass was added as a sintering aid. X-ray diffraction was used to study the phase development in the as-calcined and sintered states. The resultant microstructures were characterized using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). It was found that the CA6 grains developed a platelike morphology when CaCO3 was used as the starting calcium-rich powder. In contrast, samples prepared using CaO resulted in equiaxed CA6 grains. This result was observed to be independent of the anorthite glass addition. The findings are rationalized in terms of distinct CA6 reaction mechanisms, resulting from differences in the reactivity of the powders during the early stages of calcining.Cement Nomenclature C
CaO
- A
Al2O3 相似文献
52.
K. Y. Sze W. K. Chan T. H. H. Pian 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,55(7):853-878
This paper presents eight‐node solid‐shell elements for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells. To subdue shear, trapezoidal and thickness locking, the assumed natural strain method and an ad hoc modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix are employed. A selectively reduced integrated element is formulated with its membrane and bending shear strain components taken to be constant and equal to the ones evaluated at the element centroid. With the generalized stresses arising from the modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix assumed to be independent from the ones obtained from the displacement, an extended Hellinger–Reissner functional can be derived. By choosing the assumed generalized stresses similar to the assumed stresses of a previous solid element, a hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element is formulated. Commonly employed geometric non‐linear homogeneous and laminated shell problems are attempted and our results are close to those of other state‐of‐the‐art elements. Moreover, the hybrid‐stress element converges more readily than the selectively reduced integrated element in all benchmark problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
Nghiem S.V. Kwok R. Yueh S.H. Gow A.J. Perovich D.K. Chih-Chien Hsu Kung-Han Ding Jin Au Kong Grenfell T.C. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on》1998,36(1):111-124
To investigate effects of diurnal thermal cycles on C-band polarimetric backscatter and millimeter-wave emission from sea ice, the authors carried out a winter experiment at the outdoor geophysical research facility (GRF) in the cold regions research and engineering laboratory (CRREL), the ice sheet grew from open sea water to a thickness of 10 cm in 2.5 days, during which they took polarimetric backscatter data with a C-band scatterometer, interlaced with brightness temperature measurements at 90 GHz in conjunction with meteorological and sea ice characterizations. The initial ice growth in the late morning was slow due to high insolation. As the air temperature dropped during the night, the growth rate increased significantly. Air temperature changed drastically from about -12 to -36°C between day and night, the diurnal thermal cycle repeated itself the next day and the growth rate varied in the same manner. Ice temperature profiles clearly show the diurnal response in the ice sheet with a lag of 2.5 h behind the time of the maximum short-wave incident solar radiation. The diurnal cycles are also evident in the millimeter-wave brightness temperature data, measured sea ice backscatter revealed substantial diurnal variations up to 6 dB with repeatable cycles in synchronization with the temperature cycles and the brightness temperature modulations, the diurnal cycles in backscatter indicate that the dominant scattering mechanism related to thermodynamic processes in sea ice is reversible, a diurnal backscatter model based on sea ice electrodynamics and thermodynamics explains the observed diurnal signature. This work shows that diurnal effects are important for inversion algorithms to retrieve sea ice geophysical parameters from remote sensing data acquired with a satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or scatterometer on Sun-synchronous orbits 相似文献
54.
The use of conventional ultrasound systems to image the upper airway has been limited because ultrasound energy is attenuated by the air column. In an attempt to study upper airway geometry, we developed a computer controlled bi-directional ultrasound system which combines two conventional ultrasound devices with computer image processing to yield images of upper airway structures. Human studies and cadaver studies were performed to evaluate the system. Images acquired by the bi-directional ultrasound system were comparable to images from 3D volume rendered CT scans. This system may provide valuable data in the study of upper airway physiology and pathology. 相似文献
55.
As technology evolves, it is now feasible to implement sophisticated adaptive routing schemes on networks which support different kinds of services with heterogeneous bandwidth characteristics. Adaptive routing can increase the network throughput by routing calls to less congested paths. It can also be used to bypass transmission facility failures. In this paper, we analyze and compare two adaptive routing schemes. The first is called theMaximum mean time to blocking (MTB) routing which is based on themean time to blocking measure of a link. This measure captures the traffic rates, bandwidth characteristic and link capacity information and reflects more accurately the congestion status of different paths. The second is theM
2 routing, which is a modification of the least loaded routing (LLR). Aggregation of link status information can significantly reduce signalling traffic. We show in this paper that with properly designed aggregation, the aggregatedM
2 and MTB routings can have performance that approach that of the non-aggregated schemes. The use of complete sharing and restricted access policies together with trunk reservation control in multirate loss networks are also studied. 相似文献
56.
In our previous works, we have shown that most existing ceramic superconductors can be considered to be built of superconductor-semiconductor composite and we have estimated the change in phonon spectrum of the intrinsic superconductor unit if a semiconductor unit is attached to it. Moreover, the proximity effect under the size quantization condition has been examined in the superconductor-semiconductor composite. Each of the stated effects by itself could causeT
c
enhancement in general as more semiconductor blocks are added to the system. We extend our study in this paper to analyze the combined actions of phonon spectral change and proximity effect without size quantization condition onT
c
variation in members of the Tl1 series of high-T
c
superconductors. Our results indicate that an optimumT
c
is obtained if the stated effects are included in the idealized unit cells of the superconductors made up of a superconductor-semiconductor array. 相似文献
57.
We have analyzed theoretically the effects of interdiffusion on the gain, differential gain, linewidth enhancement factor, and the injection current density of In0.2Ga0.8As-GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As-GaAs quantum-well (QW) lasers. We have calculated the electron and hole subband structures including the effects of valence band mixing and strains. The optical gain is then calculated using the density matrix approach. Our results show that the gain spectrum can be blue-shifted without an enormous increase in the injected current density. Imposing an upper limit (416 A·cm-2) on the injection current density for a typical laser structure, we find that the InGaAs-GaAs and AlGaAs-GaAs QW lasers can be blue-shifted by 24 and 54 mn, respectively. Our theoretical results compare well with the tuning ranges of 53 and 66 meV found for AlGaAs-GaAs QWs in some experiments. This indicates that the interdiffusion technique is useful for the tuning of laser operation wavelength for multiwavelength applications 相似文献
58.
Kwok Kee Chan Rao S.K. Morin G.A. Tang M.Q. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》1997,45(8):1277-1285
A new method of analysis for the radiation characteristics of dielectric lens antennas with arbitrary inner and outer surfaces is presented. The analysis is based on representing the feed illumination by a contiguous set of ray tubes and including the effects of surface reflections and ray divergence. Radiation patterns and the antenna gain are then computed by evaluating the closed-form expressions developed for the Kirchhoff's integral of the aperture fields. The validity of the analysis method has been demonstrated by comparing the computations with measured results of two different spherical lenses and a shaped lens configurations. The analysis method presented takes into account some of the practical aspects associated with lens design such as surface zoning to reduce the mass and surface matching to minimize the reflection loss 相似文献
59.
60.