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991.
J. Tang F. Zhang P. Zoogman J. Fabbri S.‐W. Chan Y. Zhu L.E. Brus M.L. Steigerwald 《Advanced functional materials》2005,15(10):1595-1602
We previously reported that, during the reactions to make nanocrystals of HfO2 and Hf‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2, a tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation occurs that is accompanied by a shape change of the particles (faceted spherical to nanorods) when the temperature at which the reaction is conducted is changed from 340 to 400 °C. We now conclude that this concomitant phase and shape change is a result of the martensitic transformation of isolated nanocrystals in a hot liquid, where twinning plays a crucial role in accommodating the shape‐change‐induced strain. That such change was not observed during the reactions forming ZrO2 and Zr‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2 nanocrystals is attributed to the higher driving force needed in those instances compared to that needed for producing HfO2 and Hf‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2 nanocrystals. We also report here the post‐synthesis, heat‐induced phase transformation of HfxZr1 – xO2 (0 < x < 1) nanocrystals. As temperature increases, all the tetragonal nanocrystals transform to the monoclinic phase accompanied by an increase in particle size (as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy), which confirms that there is a critical size for the phase transformation to occur. When the monoclinic nanorods are heated above a certain temperature the grains grow considerably; under certain conditions a small amount of tetragonal phase appears. 相似文献
992.
Min Chan Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2013,30(6):1207-1212
A theoretical analysis of buoyancy-driven instability under transient basic fields is conducted in an initially quiescent, fluid-saturated, horizontal porous layer. Darcy’s law is used to explain characteristics of fluid motion, and the anisotropy of permeability is considered. Under the Boussinesq approximation, the energy stability equations are derived following the energy formulation. The stability equations are analyzed numerically under the relaxed energy stability concept. For the various anisotropic ratios, the critical times are predicted as a function of the Darcy-Rayleigh number, and the critical Darcy-Rayleigh number is also obtained. The present predictions are compared with existing theoretical ones. 相似文献
993.
Dong Kyun YimIn-Sun Cho Chan Woo LeeJun Hong Noh Hee Suk RohKug Sun Hong 《Optical Materials》2011,33(7):1036-1040
Novel whitish-blue phosphors based on a phosphate host matrix, γ-KCaPO4: Eu2+, were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method using slightly phosphorus deficient conditions and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The concentration quenching process, temperature dependence of the luminescence and decay curve were also investigated. The γ-KCaPO4: Eu2+ phosphor was efficiently excited by UV-Visible light at wavelengths of 200-450 nm and exhibited a bright whitish-blue emission with a maximum peak wavelength of 473 nm. All of these characteristics suggest that the γ-KCaPO4: Eu2+ phosphors combined with red phosphors could be applicable to near UV-based white LEDs, i.e., only two kinds of phosphor powders are needed for the formation of white light. 相似文献
994.
This paper addresses the aggregate production planning problem with different operational constraints, including production capacity, workforce level, factory locations, machine utilization, storage space and other resource limitations. Three production plants in North America and one in China are considered simultaneously. A pre-emptive goal programming model is developed to maximize profit, minimize repairing cost and maximize machine utilization of the Chinese production plant hierarchically. A set of data from a surface and materials science company is used to test the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed model. Results illustrate the flexibility and the robustness of the proposed model by adjusting goal priorities with respect to importance of each objective and the aspiration level with respect to desired target values. 相似文献
995.
Bulk metallic glasses for biomedical applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Schroers Golden Kumar Thomas M. Hodges Stephen Chan Themis R. Kyriakides 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2009,61(9):21-29
The selection criteria for biomaterials include the material’s properties and biocompatibility, and the ability to fabricate
the desired shapes. Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are relative newcomers in the field of biomaterials but they exhibit an excellent
combination of properties and processing capabilities desired for versatile implant applications. To further evaluate the
suitability of BMGs for biomedical applications, we analyzed the biological responses they elicited in vitro and in vivo.
The BMGs promoted cell adhesion and growth in vitro and induced improved foreign body responses in vivo suggesting their potential
use as biomaterials. Because of the BMGs’ flexible chemistry, atomic structure, and surface topography, they offer a unique
opportunity to fabricate complex implants and devices with a desirable biological response from a material with superior properties
over currently used metallic biomaterials. 相似文献
996.
997.
M Kawase M Fujimura Y Morita-Fujimura PH Chan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,30(2):441-8; discussion 449
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/Ref-1), a multifunctional protein in the DNA base excision repair pathway, and delayed neuronal cell death associated with apoptosis, we examined the expression of APE/Ref-1 before and after transient global ischemia in rats. METHODS: Global ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypotension. Expression of the APE/Ref-1 protein was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Apoptosis after global ischemia was observed by DNA electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed the nuclear expression of APE/Ref-1 in the control brains. Nuclear immunoreactivity of APE/Ref-1 was significantly decreased 2 days after 10 minutes of ischemia in the hippocampal CA1 subregion. Western blot analysis of a sample from the normal brains showed a characteristic 37-kDa band, which was reduced in the hippocampal CA1 subregion after ischemia. A significant amount of DNA fragmentation was observed at 3 days but not at 1 day after ischemia. Double staining with APE/Ref-1 and TUNEL clearly showed that the neurons that lost APE/Ref-1 immunoreactivity became TUNEL positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence that APE/Ref-1 decreased in hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient global ischemia and that this reduction precedes DNA fragmentation, which is destined to cause apoptosis. Our results suggest the possibility that a decrease of APE/Ref-1 activity and the failure of DNA repair may underlie the mechanism of apoptosis after transient focal ischemia. 相似文献
998.
An enhanced erase behaviour observed during the channel Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling erase operation was examined in details. This enhanced erase occurs when a high p-well voltage is used, with the source and drain junctions of the cell left floating, during the erase operation. Our investigation indicates that the floating source and drain take on a high junction voltage during the p-well voltage transient. This causes transient band-to-band tunneling, and in some cases, junction avalanche breakdown, to occur in the source and drain junctions. As a result, hot-hole injection into the floating gate takes place to create this enhanced erase phenomenon 相似文献
999.
The Second Information Technology in Education Study (SITES) 2006 results reveal that principals' perceived presence of lifelong learning‐related pedagogical activities in their schools had changed markedly since the same data was collected in 1998 in SITES‐M1. More intriguing was the fact that the directions of the changes were quite different depending on the education systems concerned – many of the Asian countries reported very high increases while some of the European countries reported large drops over the same 8‐year period. This paper reports statistical evidence that the observed ‘pendulum swing’ reflects actual changes in teaching practices in these countries. Exploratory multilevel analyses results consistently show that national means of principals' vision can be used as a system‐level indicator predicting national means of pedagogical orientations in schools several years later. These findings also indicate the possibility of the ‘pendulum effect’ being a consequence of system‐level policy differences in the countries participating in the two SITES studies. 相似文献
1000.
Jung Sang Cho You Na Ko Hye Young Koo Yun Chan Kang 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2010,21(4):1143-1149
Nanometer size biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powders with various Ca/P molar ratios satisfied with appropriate phase ratios of HA/β-TCP were prepared by high temperature flame spray pyrolysis process. The BCP powders had spherical shapes and narrow size distributions irrespective of the ratios of Ca/P. The mean size of the BCP powders measured from the TEM image was 38 nm. The composition ratio of Ca/P was controlled from 1.500 to 1.723 in the spray solution, and required phase ratios of HA/TCP are controlled systematically. The calcium dissolution of the pellets obtained from the BCP powders directly prepared by flame spray pyrolysis in buffer solution increased with the decrease of Ca/P ratios except with the Ca/P ratio of 1.713. The pellet surface with Ca/P ratio of 1.500, which consisted of β-TCP, was eroded dramatically for 7 days. On the other hand, the pellet surface with Ca/P ratio of 1.667 was stable and did not disintegrate after immersion in Tris–HCl buffer solution based on the SEM observation. 相似文献