连续式轧钢加热炉在线控制数学模型与应用

以理论计算和实测数据为依据,开发了连续式加热炉最佳炉温设定和在线控制数学模型,并应用于安钢中型厂5点供热推钢式加热炉。结果表明：在轧机产量波动时,不但加热炉供热合理,而且钢温波动小、加热质量好、节能效果显著。     

心血管疾病患者在介入诊疗过程中辐射剂量分析

【摘要】 目的 分析心血管疾病患者在介入诊疗过程中的辐射剂量,探讨其预防措施。方法 抽取用SIEMENS Aritis Zee Floor DSA 介入诊疗的心血管疾病患者186例,记录随机配备的辐射检测系统显示的总辐射时间（T）、剂量面积乘积（DAP）、累积剂量（CD）,由DAP估算有效剂量（ED）,由CD估算最高皮肤剂量值（PSD）。结果 患者所受T为0.9 ～ 71.2 min,平均10.5 min,> 30 min的9例（4.8%）; ED为0.11 ～ 282.9 mSv,平均32.2 mSv,> 100 mSv的10例（5.4%）;1 Gy < PSD（1/2CD） ≤ 3 Gy的40例（21.5%）,PSD（1/2CD） > 3 Gy的4例（2.2%）;1 Gy < PSD（4/5CD） ≤ 3 Gy的53例（28.5%）,PSD（4/5CD） > 3 Gy的14例（7.5%）。T与PSD（1/2 CD）、PSD（4/5CD）、ED在置信度（双侧）为0.01时显著相关。结论23.7% ～ 36.0%心血管介入患者可因累积剂量导致严重的皮肤损伤,5.4%心血管介入患者有显著的致癌危险。
     

An aqueous gel-casting process for γ-LiAlO2 ceramics

Methyl cellulose (MC) was used as the gelation agent in the gel-casting of γ-LiAlO₂ because it could form strong gels during heating. The thermal gelation behavior of the MC solution was studied based on the measurement of its apparent viscosity as a function of temperature. The effects of MC solution concentration and solid loading on the rheological properties of the γ-LiAlO₂ slurries were studied systematically. It was found that all the slurries exhibited a shear-thinning behavior, which was considered to be favorable for the casting process. The compressive strength and relative density of the dried γ-LiAlO₂ green bodies were measured, and the microstructure of the green and sintered bodies was investigated.     

飞秒激光加工单晶金刚石制备正前角磨削工具

目的制造一种磨粒有序排布、具有正前角的无结合剂端面金刚石磨削工具。方法采用波长为1030 nm、脉宽为250 fs的钛蓝宝石飞秒激光对单晶金刚石(SCD)进行烧蚀加工,首先研究加工工艺参数(特别是烧蚀轨迹间距)对金刚石加工效率及表面质量的影响。采用预先设计的激光扫描路径,基于优化后的工艺参数在SCD表面加工出微磨粒阵列结构,各磨粒呈方锥台形结构,其顶部倾斜角约为100°。在此基础上,对微磨粒阵列进行烧蚀加工,将所有微磨粒顶部的倾斜角减小至小于90°。结果当激光烧蚀轨迹间距为10.0μm时,烧蚀加工表面RMS粗糙度最小。确定了一种微磨粒边缘倾斜角小于90°且磨粒有序排布的新型无结合剂金刚石端面磨削工具的激光制备方法和工艺,采用该工艺加工的磨削工具表面质量好,轮廓精度高,磨粒平均正前角约为9.80°。结论采用飞秒激光可以高质量、高效率地制备出磨粒有序排布的新型正前角无结合剂金刚石端面磨削工具,该工具有望在硬脆材料磨削中减小磨削力,提高材料表面完整性。     

酸碱性环境及表面活性剂对润滑油生物降解的影响

选用蓖麻油和矿物油基液压油2种不同类型的润滑油作为研究对象,研究不同pH值环境条件下润滑油的生物降解,考察表面活性剂类型及浓度对润滑油生物降解的影响。研究表明,碱性条件下有利于植物油基润滑油的生物降解,酸性环境则有利于矿物油基润滑油的生物降解;阴离子及非离子表面活性剂能促进润滑油的生物降解,而阳离子表面活性剂则会阻碍润滑油生物降解;表面活性剂在临界胶束浓度以下促进生物降解能力较强,高于临界胶束浓度则效果相反。     

Exergo-economic analysis of finned tube for waste heat recovery including phase change heat transfer

In this paper, an exergo-economic criterion, i.e. the net profit per unit transferred heat load, is established from the perspective of exergy recovery to evaluate the performance of finned tube used in waste heat recovery. Also, the dimensionless exergy change number is introduced to investigate the effect of the flow (mechanical) exergy loss rate on the recovered thermal exergy. Selecting R245fa as a working fluid and exhaust flue gas as a heat source, the effects of the internal Reynolds number Re _i, the external Reynolds number Re _o, the unit cost of thermal exergy ? _q, the geometric parameter of finned tube η _o β and the phase change temperature T _v etc. on the performance of finned tube are discussed in detail. The results show that the higher T _v and η _o β, and lower Re _i may lead to the negligible flow (mechanical) exergy loss rate. There exists an optimal value of Re _i where the net profit per unit transferred heat load peaks, while the variations of Re _o, ? _q and T _v cause monotonic change of the net profit per unit transferred heat load. The phase change temperature exerts relatively greater influence on the exergo-economic performance of finned tube in comparison with other parameters. And there exists a critical phase change temperature, where the net profit per unit transferred heat load is equal to zero.     

水解法制备纳米二氧化硅和表征

通过TEOS在碱性条件下水解生成纳米二氧化硅。通过控制pH、滴加速度、搅拌速度以及TEOS与乙醇的配比,得到小于100nm的二氧化硅,通过控制以上条件得到了粒径40nm的纳米材料。用红外光谱分析所得二氧化硅的官能团结构、TEM观察到二氧化硅的微观形态,通过电子能谱测定了硅和氧的比例为1∶2。     

Effect of amide type modified rapeseed oil as lubricating additive on friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems

A new type of environmentally friendly lube additive-amide type modified rapeseed oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems were investigated with a four-ball machine and an Optimol SRV friction and wear tester respectively.The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The worn surfaces of the 2024Al alloy block were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that the modified rapeseed oil as additives can obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient of steel pair and steel-aluminum frictional pair. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength complex protection films form on the worn surface of the Al alloy due to the adsorption or tribochemistry reaction of a long chain additive molecule and high reaction activity of N element.     

Closed-loop control of weld penetration in keyhole plasma arc welding

To improve the penetrating ability and the welding quality of keyhole plasma arc welding, a novel penetration closed-loop control system was established. In the system, welding current and plasma gas flow rate were selected as adjusting variables. The wavelet method was used to detect penetration status from welding arc voltage in real-time. The control strategy of one-keyhole-per-pulse was adapted to fulfill stable and high quality welding process. Experimental results show that the developed system can apparently increase the penetrating force of plasma arc and keyhole plasma arc welding is realized successfully in stainless steel with 10 mm in thickness. Moreover,the disturbances of gradual change and break change from 3mm to 6mm in thickness are come over due to the good response property of the developed system.     

电火花铣削加工用展成电极的设计

为了解决电火花铣削加工中的电极损耗补偿难题,提出了一种基于线电极的电火花铣削加工方法,本文介绍了该方法的加工原理,提出了展成电极的概念及其设计要求,并对展成电极的总体结构、走丝机构、导丝杆的设计给出了较为详细的叙述。实验证明,利用设计的展成电极可在普通数控电火花加工机床上进行基于线电极的电火花铣削加工。