（1S，2S，5R）-薄荷基取代烯烃的合成

以(L)-薄荷基氯为原料,通过薄荷基氯化镁分别与烯丙基溴、2-甲基-3-氯丙烯、1-溴-3-甲基-2-丁烯在Cul催化下发生偶联反应,首次合成了3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯,2-甲基-3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯和2-甲基-4-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-2-丁烯,总收率分别为80.5%、83.1%和79.6%.探讨了影响反应的多种因素,找到了较好的合成条件,并用IR、 1HNMR和元素分析对产物进行了表征.     

Analysing inaccurate artifact usages in workflow specifications

Although many workflow models have been proposed, analyses on artifacts are seldom discussed. A workflow application with well structured and adequate resources may still fail or yield unexpected results in execution due to inaccurate artifact manipulation, for example, inconsistency between data flow and control flow, or contradictions between artifact operations. Thus, artifact analysis is very important since activities cannot be executed properly without accurate information. This paper presents a three-layer workflow model for designing a workflow and characterises the behaviour of an artifact by its state transition diagram. By abstracting common usages of artifacts, six types of inaccurate artifact usage affecting workflow execution are identified and a set of algorithms to detect these inaccurate usages in workflow specifications is presented. An example is demonstrated and then related works are compared.     

Time and Temperature Factors in Construction of Rock Strength Criteria

Using the synthesis of the kinetic concept on solid strength and the Coulomb - Mohr strength theory as the base, the failure conditions taking into account the time and temperature factors are obtained.     

A Sketch-Based Interface for Clothing Virtual Characters

This interactive system for garment creation determines a garment's shape and how the character wears it based on a user-drawn sketch. The system then uses distances between the 2D garment silhouette and the character model to infer remaining distance variations in 3D     

Problem on estimation of the content of <Superscript>131</Superscript>I in milk in the “iodine” period of the Chernobyl accident

Measurements of the beta-activity of milk, serving as the main source of information on the radioactive contamination of the environment by the iodine isotope ¹³¹I, carried out on a DP-100 radiometer in the early post-Chernobyl period (1986) in Belarus, have been mathematically simulated. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the indicated measurements should be analyzed again with consideration for all of the nuclides present in milk. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 102–108, November–December, 2007.     

Optical Splitting Trees for High-Precision Monocular Imaging

In this article, we consider the design of monocular multiview optical systems that form optical splitting trees, where the optical path topology takes the shape of a tree because of recursive beam splitting. Designing optical splitting trees is challenging when it requires many views with specific spectral properties. We introduce a manual design paradigm for optical splitting trees and a computer-assisted design tool to create efficient splitting-tree cameras. The tool accepts as input a specification for each view and a set of weights describing the user's relative affinity for efficiency, measurement accuracy, and economy. An optimizer then searches for a design that maximizes these weighted priorities. Our tool's output is a splitting-tree design that implements the input specification and an analysis of the efficiency of each root-to-leaf path. Automatically designed trees appear comparable to those designed by hand; we even show some cases where they are superior. With the help of the optimizer, the system demonstrates high dynamic range, focusing, matting, and hybrid imaging implemented on a single, reconfigurable camera containing eight sensors     

组织协同进化分类算法用于雷达目标一维像识别

针对雷达目标一维像识别问题，提出了一种基于组织协同进化分类算法的识别方法．该方法与现有进化分类方法的不同之处在于它的进化操作直接作用于样本而不是规则，采用了一种自下而上的搜索机制，即先使若干样本的集合得到进化，再从进化结果中提取规则．这样有利于避免在进化过程中产生无意义的规则．该方法不需要进行特征提取；对于高维数据，不需要预先进行降维处理；没有复杂的运算，训练和识别的速度都很快．对3种飞机微波暗室实测数据的识别实验表明，该方法性能稳定，优于基于支撑矢量机与子波核函数的方法，识别率均达到了96％以上．实验中还对算法的抗噪能力进行了测试，获得了良好的效果．     

Utilization of waste of Al - B fiber composites for obtaining new powder and sintered materials

Composite powder based on AlB has been obtained by crushing pieces of industrial-waste Al - B fiber composite material at room temperature. The original design of a high precision microhardness tester made it possible to estimate the properties of powder particles both in the near-surface layers and under them. The aluminum fraction in the powder was established to represent a new structurally nonhomogenous material with increased microhardness (1.5 GPa), which grows up to 4 GPa in the near-surface layers. This is caused by formation of defects and stable oxides on external and internal interfaces in the aluminum matrix during crushing. To optimize the process of AlB powder sintering, adhesion on clean and real Al - B and Al/Al interfaces at various temperatures was investigated. By sintering at 910 K, new ceramic materials have been obtained with a density of 2200 kg/m³ and a strength of 90 MPa.     

Method for the Microwave Measurement of Carrier Lifetime in Lightly Doped Silicon Ingots

A further investigation is conducted into a new microwave method for evaluating bulk lifetime in silicon ingots