现场总线标准

现场总线的标准化情况是倍受关注的一个问题。阐释了国际电工委员会IEC制定的现场总线国际标准IEC61158和IEC62026。介绍了国际标准化组织ISO制定的现场总线国际标准ISO11898和ISO11519。对现场总线中国标准及地区与国家标准也作了简介，以期为我国制定和完善现场总线标准、指导我国企业开发现场总线产品等提供借鉴。     

T—F互补OCON子网组合式神经网络模型的应用研究

采用阴阳互补（T-F互补）网对结构于OCON子网之中，使OCON组合网在学习速度和识别率方面比常规BP网有很大提高。以手写体数字的识别为例，分析了该网络的应用特点，并给出实验结果。     

样本重叠映射的柔合算法

在小脑模型关节控制器CMAC的ALbus算法中，可由批量学习的输入产生各个权在更新时的柔合因数。这样能改善样本逐一学习法的遗忘现象，又能有较快的收敛速度，对非线性函数的仿真结果，表明了改进算法的特点。     

交流LED驱动电路之研究

目前不管国内还是国外LED的驱动电路一般都采用直流电源来供电，本文将介绍用交流电直接驱动LED的技术，因LED具有响应时间短，高频性即理论上可闪烁无数次等特点。故此我们可直接用交流电来点亮LED，并且经过分析交流电直接驱动LED有诸多的优点。     

双绕组同步电机的12脉波变频传动系统

双绕组同步电动机交交变频矢量控制系统采用两套交交变频器对双绕组的同步电动机供电,它既不需要提高装置的电压水平,也不用电抗器,就能使装置容量加倍,同时双重绕组的12脉波供电使输出转矩的脉动大大减小,而且也减轻了调速系统对电网的谐波污染.系统还具有同步电动机功率因数大,效率高,过载能力大,可以在零转速下提供额定输出转矩等优点.本文对双绕组同步电动机交交变频矢量控制系统进行了初步研究,给出了系统仿真结果.     

Alzheimer paired helical filaments (PHFs) studied by high-resolution TEM: what can vertical Pt-C replication tell us about the organization of the pronase-digested PHF core?

Untreated paired helical filaments (PHFs) and pronase-digested PHF-core filaments were stereoscopically imaged with a freeze-drying vertical platinum-carbon replication preparation method for TEM. The untreated PHF have an average wide region (W) = 22.8 +/- 2.4 nm, a narrow region (T) = 10.6 +/- 1.7 nm, and a helical turn period (L) = 78.6 +/- 13.4. The surfaces of the untreated PHF's fuzzy coat appears disorganized. The widths of the pronase-treated PHF-core filaments were significantly reduced (W(d) = 14.8 +/- 1.2 nm, T(d) = 5.7 +/- 1.0 nm, and L(d) = 75.4 +/- 17 nm). The surfaces of the untreated PHF contained approximately 1.1 nm strands, the same size as tau monomer ( approximately 1.0 nm). The pronase-digested PHF cores mostly contained approximately 1.6 +/- 0.3 nm strands although strand diameters ranged from 0.6-2.5 nm. The strands sometimes appear to be wrapped around the filament axis; less often, they appear to be roughly parallel to the PHF axis, and otherwise appear to be randomly oriented. Images of pronase-digested PHF core images are discussed in relation to the core's biochemical composition, its proposed beta structure, and structural subunit models. Images of the untreated and the pronase-digested PHF support a helical ribbon morphology.     

基于概率统计的页岩气探明可采储量评估方法探讨——以川渝地区某页岩气开发区块为例

由于页岩气开发自身的特点以及从投产井获得的资料十分有限,技术和经济关键参数存在较大的不确定性,因此在评估页岩气开发项目可采储量时,可采储量的大小及其经济性也存在较高的不确定性和风险。为了定量描述和分析页岩气可采储量的风险,该文从概率统计的角度出发,建立基于改进ARPS双曲递减产量预测模块和国内财税机制现金流评价模块的一体化评估模型。通过对页岩气开发初期区块的实例评估可知,采用概率分布来定义技术和经济关键参数的范围以及描述页岩气可采储量评估结果的范围,相对于确定性法,能获得更多的信息：1)一体化评估模型在模拟后获得不同概率下的技术可采储量及其对应的产量预测剖面,可以定量描述技术可采储量结果存在的风险;2)经济评价模拟不仅给出满足规范要求的经济可采储量结果,而且定量说明项目经济性存在的风险;3)页岩气可采储量不确定性法评估是一项持续的技术工作,需要根据开发井数的不断增加、单井生产动态变化以及项目实际经济条件变化适时更新,以反映页岩气项目的实际开发状况。     

以文化打造科技团队,提升科技服务电力能力

对黑龙江省电力科学研究院用企业文化促进企业发展与建设的方式、方法进行论述,并结合黑龙江省电力科学研究院自身特点,就如何深化企业文化建设打造科技团队为黑龙江省电力有限公司提供技术支撑,提出了相应的建议。     

Estimation of SPIO Nanoparticles Uptakes by Macrophages Using Transmission Electron Microscopy

Due to their interesting size-dependent magnetic characteristics and relative biocompatibility, magnetic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely exploited as probes for cell and subcellular structure identification, as well as medication and gene delivery. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of the interaction between nanoparticles and macrophages is vital in managing dynamic processes in nanomedicine. In this study, the interaction behavior and uptake of SPIO nanoparticles by M1- and M2-type macrophages were investigated. Mice monocytes were differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages, and the uptake of SPIO nanoparticles was studied using a TEM microscope. A high resolution image of 1 nm resolution, an image processing technique, was developed to extract the SPIO-NPs from tomographic TEM microscopic images. Lysosomes appear to be the zones of high concentrations of SPIO inside macrophages. Lysosomes were first selected in each image, and then segmentation by the Otsu thresholding method was used to extract the SPIO-NPs. The Otsu threshold method is a global thresholding technique used to automatically differentiate SPIOs from the background. The SPIO-NPs appear in red colors, and the other pixels in the image are considered background. Then, an estimation of the SPIO-NP uptakes by lysosomes is produced. Higher uptake of all-sized nanoparticles was observed in M1- and M2-type macrophages. An accurate estimation of the number of SPIO-NPs was obtained. This result will help in controlling targeted drug delivery and assessing the safety impact of the use of SPIO-NPs in nanomedicine for humans.     

MicroRNA Changes Up to 24 h following Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

Hypoglycemia, as a complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), causes increased morbidity and mortality but the physiological response underlying hypoglycemia has not been fully elucidated. Small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have multiple downstream biological effects. This pilot exploratory study was undertaken to determine if induced miRNA changes would persist and contribute to effects seen 24 h post-hypoglycemia. A parallel, prospective study design was employed, involving T2D (n = 23) and control (n = 23) subjects. The subjects underwent insulin-induced hypoglycemia (2 mmol/L; 36 mg/dL); blood samples were drawn at baseline, upon the induction of hypoglycemia, and 4 h and 24 h post-hypoglycemia, with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of miRNA undertaken. The baseline miRNAs did not differ. In the controls, 15 miRNAs were downregulated and one was upregulated (FDR < 0.05) from the induction of hypoglycemia to 4 h later while, in T2D, only four miRNAs were altered (downregulated), and these were common to both cohorts (miR-191-5p; miR-143-3p; let-7b-5p; let-7g-5p), correlated with elevated glucagon levels, and all were associated with energy balance. From the induction of hypoglycemia to 24 h, 14 miRNAs were downregulated and 5 were upregulated (FDR < 0.05) in the controls; 7 miRNAs were downregulated and 7 upregulated (FDR < 0.05) in T2D; a total of 6 miRNAs were common between cohorts, 5 were downregulated (miR-93-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-185-5p, and miR-652-3p), and 1 was upregulated (miR-369-3p). An ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that many of the altered miRNAs were associated with metabolic and coagulation pathways; however, of the inflammatory proteins expressed, only miR-143-3p at 24 h correlated positively with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFa; p < 0.05 and r = 0.46) and negatively with toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4; p < 0.05 and r = 0.43). The MiRNA levels altered by hypoglycemia reflected changes in counter-regulatory glucagon and differed between cohorts, and their expression at 24 h suggests miRNAs may potentiate and prolong the physiological response. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03102801","term_id":"NCT03102801"}}NCT03102801.