可编程序控制器在催化联锁系统的应用

随着工厂自动化程度的提高，对可编程控制器系统的可靠性要求越来越高，特别是炼油厂、化工厂、电站、钢铁厂以及环保项目中，停车将会给工厂带来的昂贵的代价。在这种情况下,冗余控制器能显著降低生产停滞的风险。简单介绍了可编程序控制器的冗余系统，并结合具体实例说明了冗余系统在其应用过程中的安全可靠性。     

Glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is caused by depletion of intracellular ATP

Glucosamine, which enters the hexosamine pathway downstream of the rate-limiting step, has been routinely used to mimic the insulin resistance caused by high glucose and insulin. We investigated the effect of glucosamine on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The Delta-insulin (insulin-stimulated minus basal) value for 2-deoxyglucose uptake was dramatically inhibited with increasing concentrations of glucosamine with an ED50 of 1.95 mM. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrated that reduction in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by glucosamine was due to an inhibition of translocation of both Glut 1 and Glut 4 from the low density microsomes (LDM) to the plasma membrane. Analysis of the insulin signaling cascade revealed that glucosamine impaired insulin receptor autophosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) phosphorylation, IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity in the LDM, and AKT-1 activation by insulin. Measurement of intracellular ATP demonstrated that the effects of glucosamine were highly correlated with its ability to reduce ATP levels. Reduction of intracellular ATP using azide inhibited Glut 1 and Glut 4 translocation from the LDM to the plasma membrane, insulin receptor autophosphorylation, and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Additionally, both the reduction in intracellular ATP and the effects on insulin action caused by glucosamine could be prevented by the addition of inosine, which served as an alternative energy source in the medium. We conclude that direct administration of glucosamine can rapidly lower cellular ATP levels and affect insulin action in fat cells by mechanisms independent of increased intracellular UDP-N-acetylhexosamines and that increased metabolism of glucose via the hexosamine pathway may not represent the mechanism of glucose toxicity in fat cells.     

Dominant mode characteristics of circular groove guide

Circular groove guide is a kind of waveguide for millimeter waves with low loss, large dimensions, and low dispersion. In this paper, the dominant mode characteristics of it is analysed. The technique that mode macthing method combines with point matching method is used to derive the Nth-order characteristic equation of the guide. The 1st order, 2nd order and 3rd order approximate curves that the normalized cutoff wavelength of circular groove guide varies with c/a are given. The attenuation curves are given at 1mm, 1.5mm and 3mm wavelength. The numerical results are in well agreement with the experimental results published.     

Lack of familial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection

BACKGROUND: Although transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) through parental exposure is well documented, it is still controversial whether familial clustering of HCV occurs. METHODS: To investigate risk factors for HCV infection, 109 cases and 84 non-infected controls were studied. In addition, 250 family members (104 men, 146 women) of cases and 170 family members of controls (64 men, 106 women) were tested for HCV infection using an anti-HCV antibody, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In the case-control analysis, people aged > or =60 were almost three times more likely to be infected by HCV than those aged <40. Risk of HCV infection was most strongly related to a history of blood transfusion (OR = 12.6, 95% CI: 4.3-36.5) followed by a history of jaundice (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3-12.6). Only one family member of cases and no-one related to the controls had HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in Korea, age and parenteral exposure, such as a blood transfusion, are risk factors for HCV infection and familial clustering of HCV infection, if it occurs, is rare.     

Mixed variable optimization using Taguchi's orthogonal arrays

Taguchi's orthogonal arrays for robust design are used in this paper in a nontraditional way to solve a mixed continuous-discrete structural optimization problem. The factors of an orthogonal array correspond to the members of a structure and the levels of each factor correspond to the material choices of each member. Based on the number of factors to be studied and the number of levels of each factor, an appropriate orthogonal array is selected for each specific problem. The number of rows of the orthogonal array correspond to the number of experiments (i.e. continuous sizing optimizations) to be conducted. The response of these experiments, which are the weight of the optimal designs corresponding to different material settings, are then used to calculate the mean effect of each factor level. Some possible optimal material settings can then be determined. Three examples are presented in this paper. Analysis using Taguchi's orthogonal arrays was able to isolate several near optimal or optimal designs. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method compared to more traditional solution methodologies are also discussed.     

增力式夹具的设计与应用

增力式夹具结构紧凑，夹紧迅速可靠。它可以用较少的原动力获得较大的夹紧力，其增力倍数据实际须要同设计者调整。而且，若按机构自锁条件设计，该夹具夹紧之后，实现自锁。本文对该夹具结构做了介绍，并通过理论分析，指出增力系数和夹具自锁的设计条件。     

Medullary thyroid carcinoma: genetic advances, treatment recommendations, and the approach to the patient with persistent hypercalcitoninemia

Medullary thyroid cancer is a tumor of the thyroid C cells that occurs in sporadic and hereditary clinical settings. Genetic testing of at-risk individuals is available and has been applied to patient management. Plasma calcitonin levels are a sensitive marker for the presence of disease. Surgery offers the best hope for cure and also is an effective modality for managing metastatic and recurrent disease.     

Industrial Policies In A Maturing Taiwan Economy

Taiwan's successful industrialisation process with significant structural change now spans four decades. This paper analyses the role of small and medium enterprises and the development of secondary import substitution industries in Taiwan in relation to some policy debates. It is argued that market friendly and self-restrained industrial policies were key to the success of Taiwan's fast industrialisation. However, when Taiwan entered a more matured economy in the 1980s, a more liberal industrial policy was introduced.     

基于组反馈融合机制的视频超分辨率模型

视频超分辨率（video super-resolution,VSR）的目的是利用多个相邻帧的信息来生成参考帧的高分辨率版本。现有的许多VSR工作都集中在如何有效地对齐相邻帧以更好地融合相邻帧信息,而很少在相邻帧信息融合这一重要步骤上进行研究。针对该问题,提出了基于组反馈融合机制的视频超分辩模型（GFFMVSR）。具体来说,在相邻帧对齐后,将对齐视频序列输入第一重时间注意力模块;然后,将序列分成几个小组,各小组依次通过组内融合模块实现初步融合。不同小组的融合结果经过第二重时间注意力模块;然后,各小组逐组输入反馈融合模块,利用反馈机制反馈融合不同组别的信息,最后将融合结果输出重建。经验证,该模型具有较强的信息融合能力,在客观评价指标和主观视觉效果上都优于现有的模型。