Thermal properties measurements of renatured gelatin using conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry

The thermal properties of amorphous gelatin films and gelatin films with renatured structural order were measured by using conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Different amounts of gelatin structural order associated with a melting enthalpic change in the DSC measurement were prepared based on different gelatin drying conditions. Two consecutive heating and cooling DSC measurements on the gelatin films showed that there was no change in the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) for the amorphous gelatin but there was a decrease in the T_g for the structural gelatin on the second DSC scan. This decrease was attributed to the plasticizing effect from the release of originally hydrogen‐bonded water associated with the structural gelatin. In addition, a reversing endotherm observed upon melting of the structural gelatin during a temperature modulated DSC measurement indicated that the transition of bound water to free water occurred as the partial triple‐helix gelatin melted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1795–1801, 2006     

Micromechanical properties on the surface of PVC/SBR blends spatially resolved by a nanoindentation technique

The microhardness and micromodulus on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were determined using a nanoindenter. A flat surface was obtained by microtoming the sample at ?100°C in liquid nitrogen. Dozens of indents along a line with a spatial interval of 0.5 μm were performed. From the loading and unloading curves of each indentation, the stiffnesses of the unloading curve and the contact area between the sample and the indenter were evaluated, and the local modulus and hardness were calculated. Profiles of the local hardness and modulus were obtained from the lines of indents. Pure PVC and a miscible PVC/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) (40/10) blend showed constant modulus and hardness values. In the case of an immiscible PVC/SBR (50/50) blend, which has a morphology of elongated PVC droplets in the SBR matrix, the hardness and modulus profiles showed regions of the different phases. At the interface between the SBR and PVC phases, a step change in the modulus and hardness profiles was observed. The force required to deform the material at the same displacement increased systematically across the interface from the SBR to the PVC phase because of the increasing contribution of the PVC phase. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:609–614, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

基于二维广义Logistic映射的图像加密算法

提出一个基于广义Logistic方程构造的二维混沌映射,采用Feigenbaum常数、相图、分岔图分析的方法,研究该混沌映射的非线性动态特性;然后利用该方程生成混沌序列,将混沌序列进行优化改进,生成密钥序列;最后采用输出反馈的加密方式,改变图像的像素值,达到加密的目的。实验仿真表明,该加密算法对密钥非常敏感,有效地提高了抵御选择明文攻击的能力,密文图像信息熵为7.996 94,非常接近理想值8。加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,加密图像和明文图像之间的相关性非常接近于0,相邻像素具有零相关特性,而且密钥空间达到299比特。加密方法大大改变了明文图像的像素值,使得密文能够抵御统计攻击。     

Crystallization and morphological features of syndiotactic polystyrene induced from glassy state

Spherulitic growth rates and microstructure of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) cold-crystallized isothermally at various temperatures, T_c (115–240 °C), have been investigated by small-angle light scattering (SALS), optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The derived activation energy for sPS chain mobility at the crystal growing front is 5.4 kJ/mol, which is relatively lower than that of isotactic polystyrene, 6.5 kJ/mol. In addition, the Hv scattering invariant (Q_Hv) measured by SALS on the crystallized sPS samples displays a pronounced minimum at 150 °C. Despite a wide range of T_c used, however, the sample crystallinity estimated by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy remains unchanged. Prior to crystallization, the correlation length derived from the Vv patterns on the basis of Debye–Bueche model is ca. 1.13 μm regardless of T_c used. Interconnected domains with a width of ca. 1.8±0.5 μm are readily observed in all the crystallized samples under phase contrast microscopy and the phase-separated structure is conserved within sPS spherulites whose diameters are increased with increasing T_c.

Based on the above facts, we conclude that the presence of a Q_Hv minimum is ascribed to the resultant events of the two competitive transitions i.e. liquid–solid crystallization, and liquid–liquid demixing resulting from the spinodal decomposition (SD). At lower T_c, the unstable SD transition overwhelms the crystallization. Despite the low chain mobility, the coarsening process driven by the interfacial energies has reached a certain level before crystalline nucleation takes place. At higher T_c, on the other hand, cold crystallization becomes the dominant process due to the enhanced chain mobility, leading to the suppression of ongoing SD coarsening process. At an intermediate T_c range, comparable competition of the phase separation and crystallization prohibits the development of ordered symmetry within spherulites, giving the presence of Q_Hv minimum.     

Simulation of carbon nanotube based p-n junction diodes

Taking advantage of the unique characteristics of an ambipolar carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET), a ‘p-n junction’ is simulated along the single-walled carbon nanotube channel using two separate gates close to the source and drain of the CNTFET, respectively. The current-voltage characteristics of the double-gated CNTFET are calculated using a semiclassical method based on the Schottky barrier field effect transistor mechanism. The calculation results show a good rectification performance of the p-n junction.     

Study of the miscibility and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends

The miscibility and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEO/PVA) blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and polarizing optical microscopy. Because the glass‐transition temperature of PVA was near the melting point of PEO crystalline, an uncommon DSC procedure was used to determine the glass‐transition temperature of the PVA‐rich phase. From the DSC and DMA results, two glass‐transition temperatures, which corresponded to the PEO‐rich phase and the PVA‐rich phase, were observed. It was an important criterion to indicate that a blend was immiscible. It was also found that the preparation method of samples influenced the morphology and crystallization behaviors of PEO/PVA blends. The domain size of the disperse phase (PVA‐rich) for the solution‐cast blends was much larger than that for the coprecipitated blends. The crystallinity, spherulitic morphology, and isothermal crystallization behavior of PEO in the solution‐cast blends were similar to those of the neat PEO. On the contrary, these properties in the coprecipitated blends were different from those of the neat PEO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1562–1568, 2004     

不同腰位牛仔裤穿着舒适性评价

采用真人试穿和主观评价的方法,对9件不同腰位的牛仔裤进行着装实验评价并进行压力舒适性评价.发现所有牛仔裤在穿着的过程中都能满足人体舒适性的要求,其中腰上口位于髋骨上2cm,前中下降1.5cm是最舒适的腰位设计,为合体舒适牛仔裤设计提供技术基础.     

短期洪水预报在磨盘山水库洪水调度中的应用

阐述和分析了拉林河干流磨盘山水库20070801#洪水的降水情况和洪水特点,结合《磨盘山水库洪水及兴利调度系统》所提供的数据资料进行2007年主汛期首次洪水调度。     

填充墙作用框架结构动力分析

目的 为了解填充墙对框架结构振动周期、振动形态、动力反应等的影响特点,给结构设计提供参考和建议.方法 建立了29个带填充墙的框架结构空间有限元对比分析模型,研究了结构的自振周期、振型特点,并且输入三种不同的地震波进行了时程分析.结果 填充墙体对结构振动形态的影响不明显,但是当因减少填充墙体造成的"薄弱楼层"在建筑底部时,对结构的整体振动形态影响较大.随着填充材料刚度的减小,填充墙较少楼层处的刚度突变减弱,振型曲线更趋平滑;通过对比有限元方法 和简化手算方法 所得结构自振周期,认为考虑填充墙体影响时框架的自振周期折减系数取0.6较为合适;填充墙体的材料、位置、布置方式等对框架结构的动力时程反应均有一定影响.结论 在进行框架结构填充墙体布置时应注意将其均匀分布于框架结构中,并尽量不在中部楼层设置过少的墙体;在结构计算时对填充墙框架自振周期应进行折减.     

大港歧北斜坡三维地震深层目标精细处理及地质效果分析

歧北斜坡深层沙二、沙三段发育沿岸滩坝、辫状河水道及斜坡扇沉积体系。储层总体比较发育,但是横向变化大,单层厚度薄。现有地震资料横、纵向上地震分辨率低,无法满足砂体追踪和精细储层预测的要求。通过运用叠前反褶积、静校正、能量调整、叠后提高分辨率等技术,并实施处理解释一体化工作模式,处理质量过程控制等方法,使处理成果地震资料在保持地层波组特征不变的情况下,纵横向分辨率有了较大程度的提高,成像特征有了较大幅度的改善,基本上满足了地质需求。利用新处理的资料,通过井震结合,储层地球物理特征分析,在常规波阻抗反演的基础上,利用拟波阻抗反演的方法预测了沙二、三段各油组砂体的空间展布规律。取得了较好的地质效果。