Network representation of a child's dinosaur knowledge.

A 4-yr-old male's knowledge of 40 dinosaurs was elicited from 2 tasks. The data gathered from these knowledge-production protocols were used to map 2 interrelated semantic networks of dinosaurs, viewed as concept nodes connected by links. The 2 mappings corresponded to 2 sets of dinosaurs (20 each), partitioned on the basis of external criteria: mother's subjective judgment of the S's knowledge of each dinosaur and the frequency of mention in the S's dinosaur books. Comparisons of the structure of the 2 mappings were based on 3 attributes: (a) number of links, (b) strength of links, and (c) the internal cohesion of the network in terms of higher-order groupings and specific patterns of interlinkages. The validity of the differential structures of the 2 mappings was verified by the corresponding differential memory performance. The better structured set of dinosaurs was more easily remembered and retained by the S over a year than the less structured set of dinosaurs. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Constant voltage scaling of FETs for high frequency and high power applications

A constant voltage scaling scheme is examined for the enhancement of frequency and power performance of FETs. For low electric fields, this scheme is self-consistent within Shockley's formulation and improves the overall frequency and power performance figure of merit by a factor of κ⁶ with a κ times reduction in the device area. For high electric fields, the improvement is reduced to κ³ times due to the velocity saturation effect. Reduced breakdown voltage further limit the improvement.     

Determination of single fibre strength distribution from fibre bundle testings

The strength of fibres used as reinforcement materials for advanced composites is often assumed to follow the two-parameter Weibull distribution function. However, the experimental process widely used for obtaining the two parameters is tedious and prone to error. In this paper, two simple methods for determining the parameters of the Weibull distribution function are developed based upon the analysis of the tensile curves of fibre bundles. The first method focuses on the relation between the shape of a fibre bundle tensile curve and the survivability of fibres; the second method makes use of the relation between the maximum load point of a fibre bundle tensile curve and the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution of fibre strength. These two methods, in particular the second one, have greatly simplified the fibre testing process. Experimental results on Thornel-300 carbon fibres further demonstrate the validity of these techniques.On leave from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China.On leave from Yantze Valley Planning Office, Wuhan, China.     

Induced liquid phase mixing due to bubble motion at low gas velocity

Liquid phase mixing induced by gas bubbles at low gas velocities was studied experimentally. An experimental technique based on the principle of spectrophotometry was developed and applied in the experimental work. Experimental evidence suggests that the mixing phenomenon can be described as a diffusive process characterized by an effective diffusivity which is found to be a linear function of superficial gas velocity.     

Bilayer film model for the interaction between adsorption and bacterial activity in granular activated carbon columns part I: Formulation of equations and their numerical solutions

The diffusion-reaction film model proposed by Andrews and Tien (1981) for the interaction between adsorption and bacterial activities in carbon columns was generalized. The microbial film was assumed to be composed of two regions of distinctively different microbial activity, depending on the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen. Governing equations were derived to describe the dynamics of the carbon columns in which the interaction between adsorption and bacterial growth and methods for solving these equations were developed.     

用四焦点全息透镜实现的PS和FPS互连网络

提出了一种用四焦点全息透镜实现的二维ＰＳ（ＰｅｒｆｅｃｔＳｈｕｆｆｌｅ）和ＦＰＳ（ＦｏｌｄｅｄＰＳ）的方法，并给出了四焦点全息透镜的设计方法及应用于二维ＰＳ和ＦＰＳ互连网络中的实验结果。     

Low Electrolytic Conductivity Standards

Standards of low electrolytic conductivity were developed to satisfy the demands of the U.S. Navy and American industry for the measurement of high quality water. The criteria for the selection of appropriate solvent and solutes, based on the principles of equivalent conductivity and Onsager’s limiting law, are described. Dilute solutions of potassium chloride and benzoic acid in 30 % n-propanol–water have been chosen as standards. The electrolytic conductivity of both sets of these solutions as a function of molality was determined. Solutions of potassium chloride and of benzoic acid are recommended for use as 5 μS/cm, 10 μS/cm, 15 μS/cm, 20 μS/cm, and 25 μS/cm conductivity standards. Solutions prepared from potassium chloride in 30 % n-propanol–water have been certified as Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). SRM 3198 and SRM 3199 are certified nominally at 5 μS/cm and 15 μS/cm, respectively, at 25.000 °C.     

A low rate of reinfection following effective therapy against Helicobacter pylori in a developing nation (China)

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a hydrogen peroxide-scavenging peroxidase which uses ascorbate (AsA) as the specific electron donor. APX has not been isolated in mammals. Ocular tissue contains AsA at high concentrations, and we detected APX activity in bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. We purified APX from bovine RPE and choroid by four chromatographic steps. The purified APX was a monomeric hemoprotein with a molecular mass of 43 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal region of the purified APX showed a high degree of homology to that of plants. The primary product of the APX reaction was identified as the monodehydroascorbate radical. The APX showed high specificity for AsA as an electron donor. This is the first isolation and characterization of APX from mammals, and its role in the protection against active species of oxygen in ocular tissue is discussed.