肉与肉制品安全性现状与对策

2006年瘦肉精、福寿螺、红心鸭蛋、多宝鱼……食品安全方面频频出现的问题,让人们在享受美食的同时,又多了许多担心:究竟哪些食品才安全?在哪儿购买食品才安全?香蕉不能买,因为有催熟剂;碳酸饮料不能喝,都说喝了不健康。大棚蔬菜不敢吃,因为会有激素和农药。路边摆摊的食品有安     

混合热工和水力特性的风机盘管系统建模

针对风机盘管系统建模研究中大多数未考虑水力学特性对其的影响, 本文提出混合热工和水力特性的风 机盘管系统建模方法, 以满足实际工程中对于风机盘管系统控制的数学模型需要. 在水力学模型中考虑风机盘管电 动水阀, 基于基尔霍夫定律建立水力平衡方程, 通过遗传–粒子群相结合的优化算法(GA-PSO)求解各个盘管的水流 量及对应的阀门开度; 以水流量为输入, 考虑风机盘管风量, 采用非线性最小二乘法辨识求解其总传热系数, 建立基 于牛顿冷却定律的风机盘管热力学模型. 实验结果表明: 混合热工和水力特性的建模方法能够更好的反应风机盘 管的物理过程; GA-PSO算法具有很好的稳定性和收敛性, 能够更准确的求解水流量及对应的阀门开度, 与实际运 行数据的相对误差不超过1%; 热力学模型在各种实际工况下的模型误差都低于4%, 能够精确反映风机盘管的传热 过程.     

规划视觉:加拿大散记

1绿色国度 加拿大的四月,是冬去春来的季节.我们刚刚抵达多伦多的那几天,还感受不到一点春的气息.在城外,漫山遍野的枫树尚未发出新芽,枯黄的芦苇还在风中摇曳,厚厚的落叶依然密密地覆盖着大地.树上没有叶子,自然不见红枫,这是此次来加拿大的遗憾,但当我们拉长了景深后,却见到了另一番景致:层林中,枯木残枝横七竖八;溪河边,低缓的岸上,树枝枯草斜挂在水中,除了一些野禽,看不到一丝人的踪迹;透过丛林隐约可见的农家小舍,似乎也是与那片树林一起生长的.在城里,房子和道路以外的所有土地上,几乎全部都是树和草,私家庭园的绿化也大多不力修饰.崇尚自然是加拿大人生活的一部分.     

高速载运设施的无损检测技术应用和发展趋势

高速载运设施事关国家命脉,在其生产、布设、使用和维护各个环节,都需无损检测技术保驾护航。本文就高速载运设施无损检测的必要性,检测现状、检测技术的发展趋势（包括基于多物理原理的新型伤损检测技术,材料应力、微观结构、机械性能等状态检测,以及无损检测和结构健康监控及人工智能的结合）进行综述,旨在为高速载运设施的无损检测打下基础。     

煅烧温度对环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响

莫来石多孔陶瓷因其高强度和耐腐蚀等性能得到广泛地应用。然而,由于合成莫来石的原料高岭土的不可再生性及持续上涨的价格,寻找廉价易得的替代原料对于合成莫来石多孔陶瓷迫在眉睫。建筑废弃物的成分与高岭土相似,可作为高岭土的可行替代品之一。以建筑废弃物和Al₂O₃为主要原料,AlF₃为晶须催化剂,B₂O₃为烧结助剂,成功制备了环保型莫来石多孔陶瓷。通过阿基米德排水法、XRD和SEM等表征手段,深入探究了多孔陶瓷的晶相、微观形貌和物理化学特性。同时,研究了煅烧温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷结构和性能的影响规律及作用机制。结果表明,适当提升煅烧温度有助于莫来石晶须的生成,但过高的温度会导致晶须粗化和晶粒增大。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,莫来石晶须的生长形貌最佳,晶须直径约为0.05—0.1 μm、长度为0.5—1 μm、长径比在15—20之间。随着煅烧温度增加,莫来石多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率不断降低,抗折强度不断增强。当煅烧温度为1 200 ℃时,样品的开口孔隙率达到（61.78±0.72 ）%,抗折强度达到（3.74±0.46） MPa。因此,以建筑废弃物为主要原料可成功制备具有高气孔率的莫来石多孔陶瓷。本研究为建筑废弃物合成莫来石多孔陶瓷提供了可靠的理论支持,对降低生产成本及推动建筑废弃物资源化再利用等有重要理论价值和实际意义。     

多孔材料润湿性设计与油水分离应用研究进展

清洁的水资源对人类社会生产发展至关重要,溢油事故和工业含油废水的排放等对水资源造成严重威胁,因此油水分离技术备受关注。传统的油水分离方法如生物处理、吸附、离心、气体浮选和原位燃烧等,存在程序复杂、能耗高、分离效率低等缺点,亟需开发更加环保高效的新方法。仿生材料的设计与制备是多功能材料的重要研究方向。受荷叶结构与功能启发,基于润湿性能调控的先进多孔材料的设计与开发已成为当前研究的热点之一,并在油水分离领域中展现出巨大的应用潜力。通过调控多孔材料的表面结构和化学状态,可实现对水相和油相的不同分离特性,进而选择性去除或者吸附水相或油相,甚至包括极其稳定的油包水或水包油乳液的分离。全面综述了多孔材料的制备方法,以及其在油水分离领域的最新研究与应用。重点介绍了疏水或超疏水/超亲油的多孔海绵、多孔棉织物、多孔木材、多孔泡沫、多孔气凝胶和多孔陶瓷等先进油水分离材料的制备方法和研究进展,旨在对功能性多孔材料的发展进行回顾和深入探讨,为多孔材料在油水分离方面的研究提供指导。总结了目前多孔材料研究存在的一些问题,探讨了该领域面临的挑战,并对其应用发展趋势进行了展望。     

Superhydrophobic Paper-Based Microfluidic Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Functionalized with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube and DNAzyme for Hypocalcemia Diagnosis

Hypocalcemia is caused by a sharp decline in blood calcium concentration after dairy cow calving, which can lead to various diseases or even death. It is necessary to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-operate, reliable sensor to diagnose hypocalcemia. The cellulose-paper-based microfluidic field-effect biosensor is promising for point-of-care, but it has poor mechanical strength and a short service life after exposure to an aqueous solution. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), as a popular organosilane derivative, can improve the hydrophobicity of cellulose paper to overcome the shortage of cellulose paper. In this work, OTS was used to produce the superhydrophobic cellulose paper that enhances the mechanical strength and short service life of MFB, and a microfluidic field-effect biosensor (MFB) with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and DNAzyme was then developed for the Ca²⁺ determination. Pyrene carboxylic acid (PCA) attached to SWNTs through a non-covalent π-π stacking interaction provided a carboxyl group that can bond with an amino group of DNAzyme. Two DNAzymes with different sensitivities were designed by changing the sequence length and cleavage site, which were functionalized with SPFET/SWNTs-PCA to form Dual-MFB, decreasing the interference of impurities in cow blood. After optimizing the detecting parameters, Dual-MFB could determine the Ca²⁺ concentration in the range of 25 μM to 5 mM, with a detection limit of 10.7 μM. The proposed Dual-MFB was applied to measure Ca²⁺ concentration in cow blood, which provided a new method to diagnose hypocalcemia after dairy cow calving.     

The Regenerative Effects of c-Met Agonistic Antibodies in Vocal Fold Atrophy

Background: Atrophy of the vocal folds and the accompanying glottic insufficiency affect the quality of life. Although growth factors have been used to treat muscle atrophy, their effectiveness is limited by their short half-life. Methods: In total, 15 rabbits and 24 rats were used for the study. The right recurrent laryngeal nerves of all animals were transected. One month following nerve transection, PBS (PBS group), rHGF (HGF group), or a c-Met agonistic antibody (c-Met group) was injected into the paralyzed vocal folds. The larynges of the rabbits were harvested from each group for histologic examination and subjected to PCR analysis. Results: Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of thyroarytenoid muscles were evaluated. The c-Met group had increased CSAs compared to the PBS and HGF groups, but there were no significant differences compared to normal controls. The expression levels of myogenesis-related genes were evaluated three weeks after the injection. The expression levels of myosin heavy chain IIa were significantly increased in the PBS group, while the expression levels of MyoD were increased in the c-Met group. Conclusions: The c-Met agonistic antibody showed promise for promoting muscle regeneration in a vocal fold palsy model.     

A deep-learning-based prediction method of the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells

The estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells is influenced by many factors,and the accurate prediction still faces certain challenges.As an artificial...     

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯

对甲苯磺酸作为异戊醇和乙酸的酯化催化剂 ,性能优于硫酸 ,本文探讨并找到其较好的反应条件 ,酯收率达 97%。