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81.
Wouter van Riel Johan Post Jeroen Langeveld Paulien Herder 《Structure and Infrastructure Engineering》2017,13(7):855-868
Operational decision-making processes for networked infrastructure management often occur as a multi-actor planning problem, implying these are based on negotiations between different stakeholders in addition to available system quality information. As such, does more accurate data about actual structural condition lead to other or better decision-making? A serious game is introduced, Maintenance in Motion, aiming at investigating the influence of information quality on rehabilitation decisions, for single- and multi-actor decision-making. Players manage drinking water, gas, sewer and street infrastructures. They are to balance their individual goal, cost-effectiveness, with their team utility, increasing overall infrastructure quality to minimise failure while minimising overall public costs. The game design, calibration and solution space are presented. 相似文献
82.
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Searching for relevant 3D models based on hand-drawn sketches is both intuitive and important for many applications, such as sketch-based 3D modeling and... 相似文献
83.
Johan Oppen David L. Woodruff 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2009,16(5):627-640
Algorithms that search for good solutions to optimization problems present a trace of current best objective values over time. We describe an empirical study of parametric models of this progression that are both interesting as ways to characterize the search progression compactly and useful as means of predicting search behavior. In our computational experiments, we give examples of a variety of problems and algorithms where we are able to use the parametric models to make predictions of performance that cross instances and instance sizes. 相似文献
84.
Influence of the nanofiber dimensions on the properties of nanocellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) aerogels
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Silvana Mueller Janak Sapkota Apiradee Nicharat Tanja Zimmermann Philippe Tingaut Christoph Weder E. Johan Foster 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(13)
The investigation of aerogels made from cellulose nanofibers and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) as a polymeric binder is reported. Aerogels based on different nanocellulose types were studied to investigate the influence of the nanocellulose dimensions and their rigidity on the morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting aerogels. Thus, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with low (10), medium (25), and high (80) aspect ratios, isolated from cotton, banana plants, and tunicates, respectively, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were dispersed in aqueous PVOH solutions and aerogels were prepared by freeze‐drying. In addition to the cellulose type, the PVOH‐ and the CNC‐concentration as well as the freeze‐drying conditions were varied, and the materials were optionally cross‐linked by an annealing step or the use of a chemical cross‐linker. The data reveal that at low PVOH content, rigid, high‐aspect ratio CNCs isolated from tunicates afford aerogels that show the least amount of shrinking upon freeze‐drying and display the best mechanical properties. However, with increasing concentration of PVOH or upon introduction of a chemical cross‐linker the differences between materials made from different nanocellulose types decrease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41740. 相似文献
85.
Simulation study of the effect of wall roughness on the dynamics of granular flows in rotating semicylindrical chutes
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Sushil S. Shirsath Johan T. Padding J. A. M. Kuipers Herman J. H. Clercx 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2015,61(7):2117-2135
A discrete element model (DEM) is used to investigate the behavior of spherical particles flowing down a semicylindrical rotating chute. The DEM simulations are validated by comparing with particle tracking velocimetry results of spherical glass particles flowing through a smooth semicylindrical chute at different rotation rates of the chute. The DEM model predictions agree well with experimental results of surface velocity and particle bed height evolution. The validated DEM model is used to investigate the influence of chute roughness on the flow behavior of monodisperse granular particles in rotating chutes. To emulate different base roughnesses, a rough base is constructed out of a square close packing of fixed spherical particles with a diameter equal to, smaller, or larger than the flowing particles. Finally, the DEM model is used to study segregation in a binary density mixture for different degrees of roughness of the chute. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2117–2135, 2015 相似文献
86.
The fabrication of nanocomposites of polyamide 12 (PA12) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from cotton and tunicates is reported. Through a comparative study that involved solution‐cast (SC) and melt‐processed materials, it was shown that PA12/CNC nanocomposites can be prepared in a process that appears to be readily scalable to an industrial level. The results demonstrate that CNCs isolated from the biomass by phosphoric acid hydrolysis display both a sufficiently high thermal stability to permit melt processing with PA12, and a high compatibility with this polymer to allow the formation of nanocomposites in which the CNCs are well dispersed. Thus, PA12/CNC nanocomposites prepared by melt‐mixing the two components in a co‐rotating roller blade mixer and subsequent compression molding display mechanical properties that are comparable to those of SC reference materials. Young's modulus and maximum stress could be doubled in comparison to the neat PA12 by introduction of 10% (CNCs from tunicates) or 15% w/w (CNCs from cotton) CNCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42752. 相似文献
87.
During the past 20 years, findings have indicated that nature plays an active role in helping people recover from stress and fatigue. Two of the most cited theories in this field are Rachel and Stephen Kaplan's theory of recovery from Directed Attention Fatigue in nature and Roger Ulrich's theory of aesthetic and affective responses to natural environments and stress recovery. One aim of the present study is to test whether being outdoors in a green recreational environment causes people to be more focused, compared to being in a room indoors (in line with hypotheses suggested by the Kaplans). Another aim is to test whether people experience stress reduction, i.e. as evidenced by changes in blood pressure and heart rate, if they are placed in an environment with many green elements (in line with hypotheses suggested by Ulrich). The overall study design is that of an intervention study. Fifteen elderly persons living at a home for very elderly people participated. Their powers of concentration, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after an hour of rest in a garden or in an indoor setting. Seven elderly people were randomly chosen to have their first series of tests in a garden, while eight elderly people had their first series of tests indoors. The results indicate that powers of concentration increase for very elderly people after a visit to a garden outside the geriatric home in which they live, compared to that after resting indoors in their favourite room. The results did not show any effects on blood pressure or heart rate. It is suggested that having a one-hour rest outdoors in a garden setting plays a role in elderly people's powers of concentration, and could thereby affect their performance of activities of daily living. One important factor in this study was that both the outdoor environment and the indoor environment at the home were highly valued by participants. 相似文献
88.
Simon De Nys-Ketels Laurence Heindryckx Johan Lagae Luce Beeckmans 《Planning Perspectives》2013,28(5):757-778
ABSTRACTThroughout the 1950s, the Belgian colonial government constructed a vast network of hospital infrastructure as part of its Ten-Year Plan, a colony-wide socio-economic scheme emblematic for the era of ‘welfare colonialism.’ This network played a key role in Belgian colonialism, by providing healthcare, but also by boosting labour productivity, facilitating state presence and control, and by advertising Congo as a medical model-colony. In this article, we unpack the extensive administrative apparatus that was necessary to buttress this ambitious building programme, and we highlight type-plans as crucial government tools to construct such a vast network of healthcare infrastructure. At first glance, the use of type-plans confirms classic characterizations of the Belgian colonial government as an omnipotent and technocratic state apparatus that implemented large, top-down government plans through authoritative methods, often discarding local realities. However, tracing hospital construction on the ground reveals that type-plans did not function as immutable models, but rather as modular blueprints that allowed local administrations to adapt hospitals to local needs and contingencies. As such, our article illustrates how, facilitated by surprisingly flexible type-plans, everyday colonial policymaking in Belgian Congo was, contrary to the still dominant discourse, deeply reliant on the agency and aptitude of local officials. 相似文献
89.
90.
Accelerated weathering properties of compatibilized composites made from recycled HDPE and nonmetallic printed circuit board waste
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The main aim of this work is to examine the influence of the contents of nonmetallic printed circuit board (PCB) waste component on the photodegradation of recycled high‐density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites. The properties tested were chemical changes, flexural properties, color stability, water absorption, leaching properties, and crystallinity changes of the composites after exposure to 2,000 h of accelerated weathering. Surface degradation for composites with nonmetallic PCB was less compared to unfilled rHDPE mainly because glass fibers covered almost the whole surface of specimens, acting as a protective layer, thus, slowing down the photodegradation reaction. Incorporation of compatibilizer in rHDPE/PCB composites had played an important role in resisting degradation due to UV exposure. All the composite samples became lighter in the early stages of weathering exposure; however, compatibilized composites showed less lightening and reduction on strength and modulus. Carbonyl index increases with exposure time indicating that the oxidation reaction continuously occurred during the aging process. Incorporation of compatibilizer had successfully reduced the water absorption uptake by the composites and effectively delayed some degradation properties of weathering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43110. 相似文献