trans fatty acids, 5. Fatty acid composition of lipids of the brain and other organs in suckling piglets

The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of the brain in comparison with other organs were studied in 3-wk-old suckling piglets. In Experiment (Expt.) 1 the piglets were delivered from sows fed partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) (28%trans), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) (36%trans) or lard (0%trans). In Expt. 2 the piglets were delivered from sows fed PHFO, hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans) or coconut fat (CF) (0%trans) with two levels of dietary linoleic acid (1 and 2.7%) according to factorial design. In both experiments the mother's milk was the piglets' only food. The level of incorporation oftrans fatty acids in the organs was dependent on the levels in the diets and independent of fat source (i.e., PHSBO, PHFO or HFO). Incorporation oftrans fatty acids into brain PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) was non-detectable in Expt. 1. In Expt. 2, small amounts (less than 0.5%) of 18∶1trans isomers were found in the brain, the level being slightly more on the lower level of dietary linoleic acid compared to the higher. In the other organs the percentage of 18∶1trans increased in the following order: heart PE, liver mitochondria PE, plasma lipids and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Small amounts of 20∶1trans were found in adipose tissue and plasma lipids. Other very long-chain fatty acids from PHFO or HFO (i.e., 20∶1cis and 22∶1cis+trans) were found in all organ lipids except for brain PE. Dietarytrans fatty acids increased the percentage of 22∶5n−6 in brain PE. Except for the brain and the heart, dietarytrans fatty acids reduced the percentage of saturated fatty acids and increased the percentage of monoenoic acids (includingtrans). The overall conclusion was that dietarytrans fatty acids had no noticeable effect on the brain PE composition but slight to moderate effects on the fatty acid profile of other organs of suckling piglets.     

Improved magnetic particle tracking technique in dense gas fluidized beds

Noninvasive monitoring of multiphase flow is rapidly gaining increased interest. More specifically noninvasive particle tracking techniques have received a lot of attention in recent years to study dense granular flow. However, these techniques are usually quite expensive and require strict safety measures. An improved magnetic particle tracking (MPT) technique for dense granular flow will be presented in this article. The improvements of the analysis technique for MPT will be demonstrated and rigorously tested with a three‐dimensional system and two‐dimensional sensor system. The strengths and limitations of the MPT technique will also be reported. Finally, the results of the MPT are compared with data obtained from a combined particle image velocimetry and digital image analysis technique. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3133–3142, 2014     

Synthesis,structural and optical properties of ZnS,CdS and HgS nanoparticles from dithiocarbamato single molecule precursors

Dithiocarbamate complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) were synthesize and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–Vis, FTIR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The complexes were thermolyzed at 180°C to prepare HDA-capped ZnS, CdS and HgS nanoparticles. The optical properties of the nanoparticles showed absorptions that are blue shifted with respect to the bulk and narrow emissions. The ZnS nanoparticles are in the cubic phase with average crystallite sizes of 3–5 nm. The CdS nanoparticles consist of a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases with particle sizes of 8–22 nm, while the HgS nanoparticles are in the cubic phase with average crystallite sizes of 7–14 nm.     

The effect of liquid bridge model details on the dynamics of wet fluidized beds

Wet fluidized beds of particles in small periodic domains are simulated using the CFD‐DEM approach. A liquid bridge is formed upon particle‐particle collisions, which then ruptures when the particle separation exceeds a critical distance. The simulations take into account both surface tension and viscous forces due to the liquid bridge. We perform a series of simulations based on different liquid bridge formation models: (1) the static bridge model of Shi and McCarthy, (2) a simple static version of the model of Wu et al., as well as (3) the full dynamic bridge model of Wu et al. We systematically compare the differences caused by different liquid bridge formation models, as well as their sensitivity to system parameters. Finally, we provide recommendations for which systems a dynamic liquid bridge model must be used, and for which application this appears to be less important. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 437–456, 2018     

The Expression of Active CD11b Monocytes in Blood and Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Monocytes expressing the inflammation suppressing active CD11b, a beta2 integrin, may regulate neuroinflammation and modify clinical outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this single site, retrospective study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 38 individuals living with ALS and 20 non-neurological controls (NNC) were investigated using flow cytometry to study active CD11b integrin classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical (NCM) monocytes during ALS progression. Seventeen ALS participants were sampled at the baseline (V1) and at two additional time points (V2 and V3) for longitudinal analysis. Active CD11b+ CM frequencies increased steeply between the baseline and V3 (ANOVA repeated measurement, p < 0.001), and the V2/V1 ratio negatively correlated with the disease progression rate, similar to higher frequencies of active CD11b+ NCM at the baseline (R = −0.6567; p = 0.0031 and R = 0.3862; p = 0.0168, respectively). CD11b NCM, clinical covariates and neurofilament light-chain plasma concentration at the baseline predicted shorter survival in a multivariable and univariate analysis (CD11b NCM—HR: 1.05, CI: 1.01–1.11, p = 0.013. Log rank: above median: 43 months and below median: 21.22 months; p = 0.0022). Blood samples with the highest frequencies of active CD11b+ IM and NCM contained the lowest concentrations of soluble CD11b. Our preliminary data suggest that the levels of active CD11b+ monocytes and NCM in the blood predict different clinical outcomes in ALS.     

Kynoid: Real-time enforcement of fine-grained,user-defined,and data-centric security policies for Android

We introduce Kynoid, a real-time monitoring and enforcement framework for Android. Kynoid is based on user-defined security policies which are defined for data-items. This allows users to define temporal, spatial, and destination constraints which have to hold for single items. We introduce an innovative approach to allow for the real-time tracking and enforcement of such policies. In this way, Kynoid is the first extension for Android which enables the enforcement of security policies of data-items stored in shared resources. We outline Kynoid's architecture, present its operation and discuss it in terms of applicability, and performance. By providing a proof-of-concept implementation we further show the feasibility of our framework.     

More Than Stories With Buttons: Narrative,Mechanics, and Context as Determinants of Player Experience in Digital Games

Recent research has attempted to describe meaningful experiences with entertainment media that go beyond hedonic enjoyment. Most of this research focuses on noninteractive media, such as film and television. When applied to digital games, however, such research needs to account for not only the content of the medium, but also the unique dimensions of digital games that distinguish them from noninteractive media. Experiences with digital games are shaped by the game mechanics that define the users' interaction with game content, as well as by the opportunities for social interaction that many games offer. We argue that the complex interplay of these dimensions (narrative, mechanics, and context) facilitates or inhibits meaningful user experiences in ways that are unique to digital games.     

College students’ social justice interest and commitment: A social-cognitive perspective.

In this study, the authors examined the degree to which social-cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) explained the development of social justice interest and commitment. Data from 274 college students and latent variable path modeling were used to test theoretically and empirically derived SCCT direct and indirect effects structural models. The direct effects model estimated the direct effect of social supports and barriers on social justice commitment and the indirect effects model estimated the effect of social supports and barriers indirectly through self-efficacy. Overall, the present findings supported the use of SCCT within the social justice domain, as social justice self-efficacy and outcome expectations were useful in explaining the development of college students’ social justice interest and commitment. The present findings supported the indirect effects model of social justice interest and commitment over the direct effects model. Finally, unique to prior tests of SCCT in vocational and academic domains, social supports and barriers exhibited an indirect effect on commitment through outcome expectations. Study limitations, future directions for research, and implications for facilitating college students’ social justice interest and commitment are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)