A new method for approximate indexing and dictionary lookup with one error

We consider the problem of designing an efficient index for approximate pattern matching. Despite ongoing efforts, this topic is still a challenge in combinatorial pattern matching. We present a new data structure that allows to report all matches in worst-case time O(|Σ|m+occ), which is linear in the pattern length m and the number of occurrences occ for alphabets of constant size |Σ|. Our index uses O(n|Σ|logn) extra space on average and with high probability, where n is the length of the text (indexing) or the number of strings to index (dictionary lookup).     

GISMO, a 2 mm Bolometer Camera Optimized for the Study of High Redshift Galaxies

The 2 mm spectral range provides a unique terrestrial window enabling ground based observations of the earliest active dusty galaxies in the universe and thereby allowing a better constraint on the star formation rate in these objects. We have built GISMO (the Goddard-IRAM Superconducting 2-Millimeter Observer), a 2 mm, 128 element superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based bolometer camera for the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain. The camera uses an 8×16 planar array of multiplexed TES bolometers, which incorporates our recently designed Backshort Under Grid (BUG) architecture, described elsewhere. The optical design incorporates a 100 mm (4 inches) diameter silicon lens cooled to 4 K, which provides the required fast beam of 0.9 λ/D. With this spatial sampling, GISMO will be very efficient at detecting sources serendipitously in large sky surveys, while the capability for diffraction-limited observations is preserved. With the background limited performance of the detectors, the camera provides significantly greater imaging sensitivity and mapping speed at this wavelength than has previously been possible. The major scientific driver for the instrument is to provide the IRAM 30 m telescope with the capability to rapidly observe galactic and extragalactic dust emission, in particular from high-z Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) and quasars, even in the summer season. The instrument will fill in the SEDs of high redshift galaxies at the Rayleigh-Jeans part of the dust emission spectrum, even at the highest redshifts. Our source count models predict that GISMO will serendipitously detect one galaxy every four hours on the blank sky, and that one quarter of these galaxies will be at a redshift of z 6.5. We expect to install GISMO at the 30 m telescope in the second half of 2007.      

A model for the prediction of the air composition in pressure saturators

The paper deals with the air composition in pressure saturators used for dissolved air flotation. Two mathematical models are developed: a kinetic model for describing the change in saturator air composition with time from start-up to eventual equilibrium, and an abbreviated model for only predicting the saturator air composition once equilibrium is reached. Both derivations are based on mole balances for the two major components of atmospheric air, nitrogen and oxygen, and the equilibrium between saturator air and outflowing water as predicted by Henry's law. The models take factors into account which had hitherto been ignored, such as saturator efficiency, saturator pressure and the oxygen saturation level in the incoming water. The kinetic model gives a clear demonstration of the changes in air composition after saturator start-up and how different operating parameters affect the rate of change. It is demonstrated that laboratory saturators, operated at low hydraulic loading, could take many hours to attain equilibrium, which could explain anomalous measurements reported in the literature. Both mathematical models were tested with data collected from a laboratory saturator operated under conditions similar to those encountered at full-scale. The experimentally determined values agree well with the predicted results, with the exception that the actual saturator air composition converges towards an equilibrium concentration which is slightly less enriched in nitrogen than predicted by the theoretical models.     

Synthesis and properties of a mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptor conjugate

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are potential targets for cancer therapeutics through the use of specific ligands such as the pro-apoptotic benzodiazepine RO5-4864. However, the poor water solubility of this compound has been a limitation to its application in vivo. Herein we describe an efficient synthesis for the conjugation, via a cleavable linker arm, of RO5-4864 to a novel tumour-delivery tool, the B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB). The conjugate is water soluble and specifically targets cancer cells that overexpress the glycolipid Gb3, the cellular Shiga toxin receptor that is found on several human tumours. After internalisation via retrograde transport, the prodrug is cleaved inside cells to release the active principle. Delivery by STxB therefore increases the cytotoxic activity of RO5-4864 and its tumour specificity.     

电工钢片磁性的计量问题

综述了电工钢片计量的当前水平和最新进展,重点讨论了在交变场中的标准测试方法:Epstein方圈法和单片(SST)法.所讨论的相关条款是有关磁通密度控制、数据获取和数据计算的最新电子方法,以及磁路设计对这两种方法的准确性和精度特性的影响,也讨论了系统误差来源、再现特性和经济因素等.     

Atomic force microscopy-derived nanoscale chip for the detection of human pathogenic viruses

Native-protein nanolithography (NPNL) was used to fabricate stable bioactive arrays of viral receptor spots. The arrays were specific for the cognate virus and devoid of nonspecific protein and virus adsorption under physiologic conditions. The spot size ranged from 200 nm x 200 nm to 2 microm x 2 microm and up to 3 x 3 spots were arranged per array. With proper force adjustment in the patterning experiments, His(6)-tagged bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules were selectively removed from the underlying self-assembled monolayer (SAM) while leaving the latter intact. Injection of His(6)-tagged very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR-His(6)) constructs resulted in specific, oriented binding to the Ni(2+)-loaded bis-(nitrolotriacetic acid) (bis-NTA) groups to the re-exposed SAM areas. The arrays of viral receptors were used for the detection of human rhinovirus particles (serotype 2; HRV2) under native conditions by topographical imaging at high signal-to-noise ratio. The kinetic on-rate of the HRV2-VLDLR interaction was derived from the time-dependent binding of the virions to the VLDL receptor spots. No significant binding was observed for the major group virus HRV14 that uses the unrelated receptor ICAM-1.     

Effective Work Function Reduction of Practical Electrodes Using an Organometallic Dimer

The control of the cathode work function (WF) is essential to enable efficient electron injection and extraction at organic semiconductor/cathode interfaces in organic electronic devices. In this paper, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is used to confirm that depositing an ultrathin layer of the moderately air‐stable pentamethylrhodocene dimer onto various conducting electrodes, by either vacuum deposition or drop casting from solution, substantially reduces their WF to less than 3.6 eV, with 2.7 eV being the lowest attainable value. Detailed measurements of the Rh core levels with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the electron transfer from the molecule to the respective substrates is responsible for the appreciable WF reduction. Notably, even after air exposure, the WF of the donor‐covered electrodes remains below those of typically used clean cathode metals, such as Al and Ag, rendering the approach appealing for practical applications. The WF reduction, together with the observed air stability of the covered electrodes, demonstrates the ability of the pentamethylrhodocene dimer to reduce the WF for a wide range of electrodes used in all‐organic or organic–inorganic hybrid devices.