PLATOP: a novel planarized trench isolation and field oxideformation using poly-silicon

A novel isolation scheme named planarized trench isolation and field oxide formation using poly-silicon (PLATOP) Is described. PLATOP is applicable to high-performance submicron VLSI since it results in encroachment-free shallow trenches, and planarized field oxide. The process offers poly silicon-filled deep trenches. The process also relies on noncritical lithography and novel etch processes to planarize the deposited poly-silicon from the top of the active areas, and oxidation to consume the poly-silicon in the field regions. Electrical results are presented proving the viability of the isolation scheme     

Genetic algorithms: concepts and applications [in engineeringdesign]

This paper introduces genetic algorithms (GA) as a complete entity, in which knowledge of this emerging technology can be integrated together to form the framework of a design tool for industrial engineers. An attempt has also been made to explain “why” and “when” GA should be used as an optimization tool     

Betriebsmittelbezogene Lastmodellierung in Verteilungsnetzen

Übersicht Der Betriebszustand eines Verteilungsnetzes wird durch die Strombelastung aller Betriebsmittel beschrieben. Mit Hilfe einer statischen Estimationsmethode werden aus einzelnen Messungen und der Kenntnis der Verbrauchsdaten typische Verbraucherkurven (TVK) berechnet, die das elektrische Verhalten verschiedener Verbrauchergruppen widerspiegeln. Auf dieser Basis ist eine betriebsmittelbezogene Lastmodellierung an beliebigen Betriebsmitteln in Abhängigkeit der Verbraucherzusammensetzung unter Berücksichtigung externer Einflüsse wie der Temperatur möglich. Die so gewonnenen Belastungsverläufe erlauben eine Beschreibung des Netzzustands in den Verteilungsnetzen.

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Bus load modelling in distribution systems

Contents The operating state of a distribution system is determined by the bus load current. Based on individual substation measurements and the load composition typical load curves are calculated using statistical estimation theory. These typical load curves describe the electrical behaviour of the different load types (e.g. household, storage heating, commerce etc.). As soon as the typical load curves are determined it is possible to calculate the bus load current in any substation taking external influences such as temperature into consideration. The bus load current serve as load models which completely describe the operating state of the distribution system.

     

A numerical model for the dissolution of spherical particles in binary alloys under mixed mode control

A general numerical model is described for the dissolution kinetics of spherical particles in binary systems for any combination of first order reactions at the particle-matrix interface and long distance diffusion within the matrix. The model is applicable to both finite and infinite media and handles both complete and partial particle dissolution. It is shown that interfacial reactions can have a strong effect on the dissolution kinetics, the solute concentration at the particle-matrix interface and the solute concentration profile in the matrix.     

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the parotid salivary gland

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma is an unusual tumor that has been described as occurring in the minor salivary glands, particularly of the palate. To our knowledge, there is only one previous report that has documented the occurrence of this type of lesion in the major salivary glands. We describe an elderly patient with polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma arising in the parotid gland that was originally diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.     

Planning prompts and indexed terms in textbook search tasks.

Text search is a type of strategic reading that involves locating specific goal-relevant information. Previous research has indicated that college and high school students often exhibit inefficient or unsuccessful text-search performance. Consequently, the effects of 2 manipulations on text-search performance were investigated: (1) the presence of indexed terms in a text-search task and (2) the use of a planning prompt before beginning a task. 34 college students engaged in 6 text-search tasks. Half of these tasks contained terms that could be used in an index; half required that a search term be generated. Half of the subjects were randomly assigned to a prompt condition in which they were prompted to plan their search before beginning each task. The results indicated that a planning prompt raised the success level of search performance, as did the presence of terms that were searchable in the textbook's index. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gluing of sintered parts made of silicon nitride

Problems of gluing parts made of silicon nitride are considered. The quality of glued joints is estimated. The effects of the composition (the types of binder and filler), the technological parameters (thickness of the joint, roughness of the glued surfaces, porosity of the parts), and the test conditions are considered. The technology for gluing parts made of RBSN and HP parts made of Si₃N₄ and results of tests of glued joints are described.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 18 – 20, April, 1996.     

Error floor of MSK modulation in a mobile-radio channel with twoindependently fading paths

We investigate the error probability bit error rate (BER) of minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation with differential detection in a two-path fading channel without noise (error floor). We develop a new method for the computation of the BER: we show that errors occur if the phasors of the instantaneous impulse response fall into certain regions of the complex plane; then we average over the statistics of the phasors to arrive at the mean BER. With this method, we derive analytical expressions for the BER for arbitrary amplitude statistics of the paths. For the special case of two Rayleigh-fading paths with small delay, we find that the BER is proportional to the square of the mean delay spread (normalized to the bit length) if we sample between the two pulses. This proves the qualitative behavior of previous estimates, but our results allow also a more exact quantitative formulation. The quadratic dependence of the BER on the delay spread breaks down if we have one Rayleigh-fading and one Rician-fading path. We find that the bit combinations 1-11 and -11-1 do not lead to errors in the two-path model. However, additional Monte Carlo simulations show that these bit combinations do lead to errors in a three-path model     

Potential-time measurements on mild steel in etch primer solutions

Experiments were carried out in a two pack system; polyvinyl butyral, zinc tetroxychromate in one pack, and phosphoric acid in the other with an isopropanol solvent in both packs. This study examines the functions of the phosphoric acid and the chromate containing pigment separately by utilising the feature that the alcohol dispersed components have sufficient conductivity to carry out potential-time measurements in the wet components before and during mixing.