Assessment of cohesion and adaptability in component family dyads: A question of convergent and discriminant validity.

In the assessment of family cohesion and adaptability, researchers typically overlook the possibility that different components of the family may be more cohesive or adaptable than others. This potential problem is often compounded by monomethodism, reliance on a single source of information. Using a multitrait-mutimethod approach, we obtained three measures of cohesion and adaptability in three component dyads of relatively healthy families. Mothers, fathers, and college students reported about cohesion and adaptability in the mother–student, father–student, and mother–father relationships. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found significant differences in the convergent validities of mothers', fathers', and students' reports. Furthermore, significant differences emerged among the correlations between mother–father, mother–student, and father–student cohesion (and adaptability), which suggests that noteworthy differences exist between family subsystems on these constructs. Implications for assessment strategies in marital and family counseling are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Room-temperature oxidation of reduced Cu/ZnO surfaces by lattice oxygen diffusion

At room temperature in the absence of gas-phase oxygen, reduced Cu on Cu/ZnO extracts oxygen from the ZnO lattice to reoxidize the surface. After 120 min at room temperature, diffusion of lattice oxygen reoxidizes reduced Cu/ZnO to 3% of its completely oxidized state. When gas-phase oxygen is present, it promotes the partial reoxidation of the reduced Cu/ZnO surface at room-temperature.     

Alternative Australian climate change plans: The public’s views

Climate change has come to the forefront of Australian politics and there is now an active on-going policy debate about how to best reach a commonly agreed long term goal. This paper looks at five major dimensions of this debate and constructs policy options based on them. A discrete choice experiment approach was used with a representative sample from a major internet panel provider. Survey respondents made choices between pairs of policy options with different characteristics. They favored policies starting in 2010 rather than 2012, and spending 20% of revenue raised on energy-related R&D. They were almost evenly split on whether the plan should initially exempt the transport sector and two competing approaches that redistribute revenue from the plan, and, they opposed plans giving special treatment to energy-intensive sectors of the economy. A number of other policy relevant questions related to understanding Australian views and knowledge related to climate change also were asked.     

Dieting and depression: A methodological study.

Examined the effects of 3 variables on reports of psychological functioning in 28 obese women (mean age 42.1 yrs) who lost an average of 19.2 kg in 6 mo. Analysis of the 1st variable, frequency of assessment, showed that although Ss experienced improvements in mood from pre- to posttreatment, more than 50% showed worsening in mood during 1 or more wks. Analysis of the 2nd variable, time of assessment, revealed that retrospective reports of depression and anxiety were greater than were concurrent reports. Analysis of the 3rd variable, method of assessment, showed that Ss reported several symptoms in response to an open-ended interview that were not measured by objective tests. Data indicate that the method of mood assessment determines the answer to the question of whether dieting is associated with adverse psychological consequences. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pre-Chill Spray of Chicken Carcasses to Reduce Salmonella typhimurium

A test chamber was designed and constructed and prechill chicken carcasses inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium were treated in it. They were sprayed with tap water, 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl), 5% or 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 5% or 10% sodium bisulfate (SBS), 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 1% lactic acids (LAC) at 207, 345 or 827 kPa pressure for either 30 or 90 sec exposure time. Samples were taken from carcass wash water to determine the most probable number of Salmonella. Compared to tap water spraying, 0.85% NaCl spraying did not significantly reduce Salmonella. The greatest reductions of S. typhimurium, by 10% TSP, 10% SBS, 0.1% CPC or 1% LAC spraying, were 3.7, 2.4, 1.6 or 1.6 log in 90 sec treatments, respectively.     

Complex resonances of conducting spheres with lossy coatings

The electromagnetic scattering amplitude for metal objects coated with a lossless dielectric exhibits a large number of resonances versus real frequency. These resonances are a function of the object shape and size, coating thickness, and coating electrical properties. Previously, it was shown that for coated spheres and nonspherical bare objects, these resonances can be understood in terms of phase matched circumnavigating surface waves and the objects' complex eigenfrequencies. The effect of dielectric loss in the coating on the complex eigenfrequencies and phase velocities of these surface waves is presented for a metal sphere coated with a uniform homogeneous dielectric coating. It is seen that the positions of the complex resonance frequencies move away from the real frequency axis under the influence of dielectric loss in the coating. The effect of this is shown to correspond to the changes in the backscatter spectrum versus real frequency as computed using a Mie series expansion. The significant difference between the lossless and lossy dielectric-coated sphere cases is seen to be due to a modification of the phase velocities of surface waves, particularly the whispering gallery types, and the increased attenuation of the surface wave modes     

The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial

Background  

High-intensity interval training has been shown to be a time-efficient way to induce physiological adaptations similar to those of traditional endurance training. Creatine supplementation may enhance high-intensity interval training, leading to even greater physiological adaptations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and creatine supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance (maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2PEAK), time-to-exhaustion (VO_2PEAKTTE), ventilatory threshold (VT), and total work done (TWD)) in college-aged men.     

Utility-based power control for a two-cell CDMA data network

Power allocation across users in two adjacent cells is studied for a code-division multiple access (CDMA) data service. The forward link is considered and cells are modeled as one-dimensional with uniformly distributed users and orthogonal signatures within each cell. Each user is assumed to have a utility function that describes the user's received utility, or willingness to pay, for a received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The objective is to allocate the transmitted power to maximize the total utility summed over all users subject to power constraints in each cell. It is first shown that this optimization can be achieved by a pricing scheme in which each base station announces a price per unit transmitted power to the users, and each user requests power to maximize individual surplus (utility minus cost). Setting prices to maximize total revenue over both cells is also considered, and it is shown that, in general, the solution is different from the one obtained by maximizing total utility. Conditions are given for which independent optimization in each cell, which leads to a Nash equilibrium (NE), is globally optimal. It is shown that, in general, coordination between the two cells is needed to achieve the maximum utility or revenue.     

Die doppeltverkettete Streuung von mehrphasigen Mehrlochwicklungen mit Durchmesserschritt

Zusammenfassung Für verschiedene Phasen- und Lochzahlen je Pol und Phase sind die Werte der abgeleiteten Beziehung, die auch für Phasenzahlen kleiner als 1 ihre Gültigkeit behält, in einer Tafel zusammengestellt. In Anbetracht der Vorteile von vielphasigen Wicklungen wird eine 12phasige Schaltung für 3phasigen Netzanschlu\ angegeben.Mit Rücksicht auf die Wichtigkeit für die Berechnung der Drehmomente von Oberfeldern sind für den Käfiganker die Werte der doppeltverketteten Streuung in Abhängigkeit von den Phasenzahlen (m=0,3 bis 40) in Kurvenform dargestellt. Diese gelten auch für die sogenannten oberfeldarmen Wicklungen, bei denen die Phasenzahl durch Kunstschaltungen soweit erhöht wird, da\ nur mehr die Lochzahlq=1 verbleibt.Bezeichnungen m Phasenzahl des Strombelages - q Stabzahl je Polpaar und Phase - _d Koeffizient der doppeltverketteten Streuung - Ordnungszahl der Stäbe je Pol und Phase - Ordnungszahl der Phasen - v Ordnungszahl der Oberfelder - Abszisse des ersten Stabes der ersten Phase (Bogenma\) - x Abszisse der Feldkurve in elektrischen Graden - zeitlicher Phasenwinkel des Stromes der ersten Phase ( elektr.) - p Polpaarzahl - y Ordinate der Feldkurve - y ₁ Amplitude der Grundwelle - _v Amplitude desv-ten Kosinusgliedes - b _v Amplitude desv-ten Sinusgliedes - Z Zähnezahl des Käfigläufers